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被动语态的基本用法
一. 何时使用被动语态 1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要 如:Paper is made from wood. The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. He was wounded in the fight. 2. 需要强调动作的承受者时 如:Calwlator can't be used in the maths exam. Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn't be taken away. He was awarded first prize in that contest. 3为了使语气婉转,避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态,或由于修饰的需要,使用被动语态,使句子得以更好的安排。 如:The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. Electricity is used to run machines. 二. 被动语态的构成 1. be+done 可以是被动语态,也可以是系表结构形式。被动语态中,done可以带by短语,而系表结构中done相当于adj. 不带 by短语。 如:The question is settled. (系表结构 Such questions are settled by us. (被动语态 The composition is well written. (系表结构
The composition is written with great care . (被动语态 The job was well done. (系表结构 The job was well done by a skilled worker. (被动语态 2. 许多verbs(broken, interested, shut, worried, 既可以用做adj.也可以在被动语态结构中做过去分词。句中如果有by,通常是被动语态。
如:I was worried abeutyou all night. (表状态 I was worried by mosquitoes all night. (表动作 The glass was broken by Jack. (表动作 The glass is broken. (表状态 I was frightened by his ghost story. She was frightened at the sight of a snake. 三. 不同形式的被动语态 1. 含有直宾和间宾的主动结构,变为被动时,可将其中一个宾语变为主语,另一个不动一般是主语结构的间接宾语变为被动的主语。 如:He showed me his pictures. I was shown his pictures by him. His pictures were shown to me by him. Aunt made me a new dress. I was made a new dress by aunt. A new dress was