常用词语高级替换 名词

无论是写作还是翻译时，只要一提到“重要”脑子里闪现的就是“important”？想表达“许多”第一反应就是“many”？同学，如果我说对了的话，那么你的词汇量还只是停留在初中水平！可是随着四六级写作和翻译这两个模块难度的不断提升，如果你不更新你的词汇量，那么你的作文肯定不会得到一个漂亮的分数。有道学堂学术团队为了帮助大家在考试之前突击扩大词汇量，特隆重推出四六级备考资料包第三季——写作常用词语高级替换系列。

事情（thing [θɪŋ]）
business [ˈbɪznəs]
【例句】I've got some unfinished business to attend to.
【翻译】我还有一些未完的事要处理。
issue ['ɪʃuː]
【例句】Is it right for the Church to express a view on political issues?
【翻译】教会对政治问题发表看法是否恰当？
affair [ə'feə]
【例句】The government has mishandled the whole affair.
【翻译】政府对整个事件处理不当。
matter ['mætə]
【例句】Until the matter is resolved the athletes will be ineligible to compete.
【翻译】除非这个问题得以解决，否则这些运动员没有资格参加比赛。

优点（advantage [əd'vɑːntɪdʒ]）
virtue ['vɜːtjuː]
【例句】The chair has the virtue of being adjustable.
【翻译】这种椅子具有可调节的优点。
merit ['merɪt]
【例句】They have been persuaded of the merits of peace.
【翻译】他们被劝服，认识到了和平的好处。
benefit ['benɪfɪt]
【例句】The benefit of an x-ray far outweighs the minutely increased risk of cancer.
【翻译】X光检查的好处远远大于其在很小程度上增加的罹患癌症的风险。

缺点 (disadvantage [dɪsəd'vɑːntɪdʒ])
shortcoming ['ʃɔːtkʌmɪŋ]
【例句】Marriages usually break down as a result of the shortcomings of both partners.
【翻译】婚姻常因为配偶双方的缺点而破裂。
drawback ['drɔ,bæk]
【例句】He felt the apartment's only drawback was that it was too small.
【翻译】他觉得这个公寓唯一的缺点就是太小了。
defect ['diːfekt]
【例句】A report has pointed out the defects of the present system.
【翻译】一份报告指出了当前体制存在的毛病。
demerit [diː'merɪt]
【例句】The committee are looking at the merits and demerits of the proposal.
【翻译】委员会正在评判该提议的优缺点。

错误 (mistake [mɪ'steɪk])
fault [fɔːlt]
【例句】It is a big fault to think that you can learn how to manage people in business school.
【翻译】以为在商学院能学会如何管理人是一大错误。
error ['erə]
【例句】She went through the typescript carefully to eliminate all errors from it.
【翻译】她认真地检查了打字稿, 排除了所有的错误。
fallacy ['fæləsɪ]
【例句】It exposes the fallacy of short-term industrial gain at long-term environmental expense.
【翻译】这暴露了以长久的环境破坏为代价换取短期工业利益的错误。

名声（fame [feɪm]）
reputation [repjʊ'teɪʃ(ə)n]
【例句】He tried to lie away her reputation.
【翻译】他极力以谎言毁损她的名誉。
renown [rɪ'naʊn]
【例句】His renown has spread throughout the country.
【翻译】他的名声已传遍全国。
prestige [pre'stiː(d)ʒ]（强调好的名声）
【例句】Their products enjoy ever higher prestige in the world market.
【翻译】他们的产品在世界市场上享有越来越高的声誉。

能力 （ability [ə'bɪlɪtɪ]）
capacity [kə'pæsɪtɪ]
【例句】Her mental capacity and temperament are as remarkable as his.
【翻译】她的才智和气质和他一样出众。
capability [keɪpə'bɪlɪtɪ]
【例句】Organizing a whole department is beyond his capability.
【翻译】他难以胜任组织整个部门的任务。
competence ['kɒmpɪt(ə)ns]
【例句】This mess is a poor reflection on his competence.
【翻译】这种混乱情况说明他难当此任。

顶点（top [tɒp]）
climax ['klaɪmæks]
【例句】It was the climax to 24 hours of growing anxiety.
【翻译】24小时里不断加重的焦虑在那一刻达到顶点。
peak [piːk]
【例句】Traffic reaches its peak between 8 and 9 in the morning.
【翻译】上午8、9点钟之间是交通高峰期。
zenith ['zɛnɪθ]
【例句】His career is now at its zenith.
【翻译】他的事业现在处于鼎盛时期。

形容词

无论是写作还是翻译时，只要一提到“重要”脑子里闪现的就是“important”？想表达“许多”第一反应就是“many”？同学，如果我说对了的话，那么你的词汇量还只是停留在初中水平！可是随着四六级写作和翻译这两个模块难度的不断提升，如果你不更新你的词汇量，那么你的作文肯定不会得到一个漂亮的分数。有道学堂学术团队为了帮助大家在考试之前突击扩大词汇量，特隆重推出四六级备考资料包第三季——写作常用词语高级替换系列。

事情（thing [θɪŋ]）
business [ˈbɪznəs]
【例句】I've got some unfinished business to attend to.
【翻译】我还有一些未完的事要处理。
issue ['ɪʃuː]
【例句】Is it right for the Church to express a view on political issues?
【翻译】教会对政治问题发表看法是否恰当？
affair [ə'feə]
【例句】The government has mishandled the whole affair.
【翻译】政府对整个事件处理不当。
matter ['mætə]
【例句】Until the matter is resolved the athletes will be ineligible to compete.
【翻译】除非这个问题得以解决，否则这些运动员没有资格参加比赛。

优点（advantage [əd'vɑːntɪdʒ]）
virtue ['vɜːtjuː]
【例句】The chair has the virtue of being adjustable.
【翻译】这种椅子具有可调节的优点。
merit ['merɪt]
【例句】They have been persuaded of the merits of peace.
【翻译】他们被劝服，认识到了和平的好处。
benefit ['benɪfɪt]
【例句】The benefit of an x-ray far outweighs the minutely increased risk of cancer.
【翻译】X光检查的好处远远大于其在很小程度上增加的罹患癌症的风险。

缺点 (disadvantage [dɪsəd'vɑːntɪdʒ])
shortcoming ['ʃɔːtkʌmɪŋ]
【例句】Marriages usually break down as a result of the shortcomings of both partners.
【翻译】婚姻常因为配偶双方的缺点而破裂。
drawback ['drɔ,bæk]
【例句】He felt the apartment's only drawback was that it was too small.
【翻译】他觉得这个公寓唯一的缺点就是太小了。
defect ['diːfekt]
【例句】A report has pointed out the defects of the present system.
【翻译】一份报告指出了当前体制存在的毛病。
demerit [diː'merɪt]
【例句】The committee are looking at the merits and demerits of the proposal.
【翻译】委员会正在评判该提议的优缺点。

错误 (mistake [mɪ'steɪk])
fault [fɔːlt]
【例句】It is a big fault to think that you can learn how to manage people in business school.
【翻译】以为在商学院能学会如何管理人是一大错误。
error ['erə]
【例句】She went through the typescript carefully to eliminate all errors from it.
【翻译】她认真地检查了打字稿, 排除了所有的错误。
fallacy ['fæləsɪ]
【例句】It exposes the fallacy of short-term industrial gain at long-term environmental expense.
【翻译】这暴露了以长久的环境破坏为代价换取短期工业利益的错误。

名声（fame [feɪm]）
reputation [repjʊ'teɪʃ(ə)n]
【例句】He tried to lie away her reputation.
【翻译】他极力以谎言毁损她的名誉。
renown [rɪ'naʊn]
【例句】His renown has spread throughout the country.
【翻译】他的名声已传遍全国。
prestige [pre'stiː(d)ʒ]（强调好的名声）
【例句】Their products enjoy ever higher prestige in the world market.
【翻译】他们的产品在世界市场上享有越来越高的声誉。

能力 （ability [ə'bɪlɪtɪ]）
capacity [kə'pæsɪtɪ]
【例句】Her mental capacity and temperament are as remarkable as his.
【翻译】她的才智和气质和他一样出众。
capability [keɪpə'bɪlɪtɪ]
【例句】Organizing a whole department is beyond his capability.
【翻译】他难以胜任组织整个部门的任务。
competence ['kɒmpɪt(ə)ns]
【例句】This mess is a poor reflection on his competence.
【翻译】这种混乱情况说明他难当此任。

顶点（top [tɒp]）
climax ['klaɪmæks]
【例句】It was the climax to 24 hours of growing anxiety.
【翻译】24小时里不断加重的焦虑在那一刻达到顶点。
peak [piːk]
【例句】Traffic reaches its peak between 8 and 9 in the morning.
【翻译】上午8、9点钟之间是交通高峰期。
zenith ['zɛnɪθ]
【例句】His career is now at its zenith.
【翻译】他的事业现在处于鼎盛时期。

不好的 (bad [bæd] )

undesirable [ʌndɪ'zaɪərəb(ə)l]
【例句】It was felt that the ageing of society was socially and economically undesirable.
【翻译】老龄化对于社会和经济的不良影响呈现出来了。

negative ['negətɪv]
【例句】You can't learn anything with negative attitude.
【翻译】消极的态度会让你什么都学不到。

adverse ['ædvɜːs]
【例句】The expedition encountered adverse weather conditions.
【翻译】探险队遇到了不利的气候条件。

有害的（harmful ['hɑːmfʊl]）

damaging ['dæmɪdʒɪŋ]
【例句】Many chemicals have a damaging effect on the environment.
【翻译】许多化学物质都会对环境有破坏性的影响。

ruinous ['ruːɪnəs]
【例句】The decision was to prove ruinous.
【翻译】后来证明这个决定造成了危害。

destructive [dɪ'strʌktɪv]
【例句】Severe damage witnessed the destructive force of the storm.
【翻译】严重的损失表明了这场暴风雨的巨大破坏力。

困难的 （difficult [hɑːd]）

demanding [dɪ'mɑːndɪŋ]
【例句】He found he could no longer cope with his demanding job.
【翻译】他发现自己已无力应对那份劳神费力的工作了。

laborious [lə'bɔːrɪəs]
【例句】They had the laborious task of cutting down the huge tree.
【翻译】他们接受了伐大树的艰苦工作。

formidable ['fɔːmɪdəb(ə)l]
【例句】He took on the formidable task of reforming the whole system.
【翻译】他承担起改革整个系统的艰巨任务。

无聊的（boring ['bɔːrɪŋ]）

dull [dʌl]
【例句】The conference was deadly dull.
【翻译】会议开得死气沉沉的。

tiresome ['taɪəs(ə)m]
【例句】I find it very tiresome doing the same job day after day.
【翻译】日复一日做相同的工作让我觉得非常无聊。

tedious ['tiːdɪəs]
【例句】He that can read and meditate will not find his evenings long or life tedious.
【翻译】会读书和思考的人不会感到长夜无聊或者生活乏味。

忧虑的（worried ['wʌrɪd]）

anxious ['æŋ(k)ʃəs]
【例句】He was anxious about the enormity of the task ahead.
【翻译】他为眼前任务的艰巨性而担忧。

apprehensive [æprɪ'hensɪv]
【例句】The long delay had made me quite apprehensive.
【翻译】长时间的耽搁使我相当焦虑。

fraught [frɔːt]
【例句】It has been a somewhat fraught day.
【翻译】这是令人颇为担忧的一天。

沮丧的 （sad [sæd]）

depressed [dɪ'prest]
【例句】She felt very depressed about the future.
【翻译】她感到前途无望。

gloomy ['gluːmɪ]
【例句】They found him in gloomy, downbeat mood.
【翻译】他们发现他情绪低落，无精打采。

frustrated [frʌ'streɪtɪd]
【例句】Both sides in the dispute appeared very frustrated at the lack of progress.
【翻译】争执双方因事情毫无进展而显得十分沮丧。

怀疑的 （doubtful ['daʊtfʊl]）

skeptical ['skeptɪkəl]
【例句】Many were skeptical about this solution.
【翻译】许多人对这一解决办法表示怀疑。

suspicious [sə'spɪʃəs]
【例句】Most organizations are, quite understandably, suspicious of new ideas.
【翻译】大多数机构对新想法持怀疑态度，这不难理解。

incredulous [ɪn'kredjʊləs]
【例句】She gave me an incredulous glance.
【翻译】她表示怀疑地向我瞥了一眼。

许多 （many ['menɪ]）
numerous ['njuːm(ə)rəs]
【例句】Numerous factories have sprung up in this once desolate area.
【翻译】过去这一带满目苍凉， 现在却有了无数的工厂。
a host of [həʊst]
【例句】The special theory of relativity has raised a host of questions.
【翻译】狭义相对论引出了许多问题。
a multitude of ['mʌltɪtjuːd]
【例句】I was awed by the multitude of stars in the night sky.
【翻译】夜空中的繁星震撼了我。

不同的（different ['dɪf(ə)r(ə)nt]）
various ['veərɪəs]
【例句】These data have been collected from various sources.
【翻译】这些数据是从各方面搜集来的。
a variety of [və'raɪətɪ]
【例句】A variety of heavy industries grew up alongside the port.
【翻译】各种重工业沿着港口逐渐发展起来。
diverse [daɪ'vɜːs]
【例句】People hold diverse attitudes toward these new regulations.
【翻译】人们对于这些新规定抱有不同的态度。

普遍的（common ['kɒmən]）
commonplace ['kɒmənpleɪs]
【例句】Yet on the most commonplace occasion I can never know your thoughts.
【翻译】然而即便在最普通的场合我也琢摸不透你的心思。
universal [juːnɪ'vɜːs(ə)l]
【例句】Such problems are a universal feature of senior citizens.
【翻译】这类问题是老年人的通病。
pervasive [pə'veɪsɪv]
【例句】It is the most pervasive compound on earth.
【翻译】它是地球上最普遍的化合物.

唯一的 （only ['əʊnlɪ]）
solely ['səʊllɪ]
【例句】Success should not be measured solely by educational achievement.
【翻译】成功与否不应只用学业成绩来衡量.
unique [juː'niːk]
【例句】The examples are unique to this dictionary.
【翻译】这些例证是这部词典独有的。
merely ['mɪəlɪ]
【例句】You are merely reciting facts that you have learned by rote.
【翻译】你只是在背诵自己死记硬背下来的东西。

贫穷的（poor [pʊə]）
needy ['niːdɪ]
【例句】Needy and handicapped people depend on government relief for their support.
【翻译】穷人和残疾人依靠政府的救济维持生计。
impoverished [ɪm'pɒvərɪʃt]
【例句】The rural people have been impoverished by a collapsing economy.
【翻译】经济崩溃使农村地区的人们一贫如洗。
in poverty ['pɒvətɪ]
【例句】He was bred up in poverty.
【翻译】他是在贫苦的生活环境中长大的。

富裕的（rich [rɪtʃ]）
wealthy ['welθɪ]
【例句】All of them came from wealthy, upper class families.
【翻译】他们全部来自富有的上流社会家庭。
well-heeled ['wel'hi:ld]
【例句】Both families are reasonably well-heeled and comfortably-off.
【翻译】两家人都相当富有,都生活得很舒适。
well-to-do
【例句】She comes from a well-to-do family.
【翻译】她出身于一个小康之家。

大的 （big [bɪg]）
vast [vɑːst]
【例句】The pollution has already turned vast areas into a wasteland.
【翻译】污染已经使大片地区沦为不毛之地。
massive ['mæsɪv]
【例句】We needed to reskill our workforce to cope with massive technological change.
【翻译】我们得让工人学习新技能，以应对巨大的技术变革。
enormous [ɪ'nɔːməs]
【例句】The enormous difficulty makes him cynical about the feasibility of the idea.
【翻译】巨大的困难让他对这个主意是否可行持怀疑态度.

新的 (new [njuː])
brand new [brænd]
【例句】Net Electronic Map has become a brand-new way for showing the geographic information.
【翻译】网上电子地图已成为一种全新的地理信息展示方式.
fresh [freʃ]
【例句】The company seemed set to make a fresh start under a new broom.
【翻译】公司似乎准备在新任领导的带领下开创新局面。
novel ['nɒv(ə)l]
【例句】Protesters found a novel way of demonstrating against steeply rising oil prices.
【翻译】抗议者找到了抗议油价飞涨的新办法。

副词

非常 （very ['verɪ]）
exceedingly [ɪk'siːdɪŋlɪ]
【例句】The child has skipped to the third grade as he did exceedingly well in his studies.
【翻译】这孩子因成绩优异而越级升入三年级。
extremely [ɪk'striːmlɪ]
【例句】He had been extremely tactful in dealing with the financial question.
【翻译】他在处理这个财务问题时很有分寸。
considerably [kən'sɪd(ə)rəblɪ]
【例句】The need for sleep varies considerably from person to person.
【翻译】不同的人对睡眠的需要差异相当大。
尤其 (especially [ɪ'speʃ(ə)lɪ])
specially ['speʃəlɪ]
【例句】It will be hard to work today---specially when it’s so warm and sunny outside.
【翻译】今天无心工作——尤其是外面这样风和日丽。
notably ['nəʊtəblɪ]
【例句】Some subjects are very popular among students, notably computer science.
【翻译】一些课程在学生当中是非常受欢迎的，尤其是计算机课。
particularly [pə'tɪkjʊləlɪ]
【例句】Traffic is bad, particularly in the city center.
【翻译】交通状况很差，尤其实在市中心。
立即 （immediately [ɪ'miːdɪətlɪ]）
directly [dɪ'rektlɪ]
【例句】Tell them I’ll be there directly.
【翻译】告诉他们我一会就到。
instantly ['ɪnst(ə)ntlɪ]
【例句】The diplomat threw in a joke, and the tension was instantly relieved.
【翻译】那位外交官插进一个笑话,紧张的气氛顿时缓和下来。
promptly ['prɒm(p)tlɪ]
【例句】She promptly seized the opportunity his absence gave her.
【翻译】她立即抓住了因他不在场给她创造的机会。
明显地（clearly ['klɪəlɪ]）
obviously ['ɒbvɪəslɪ]
【例句】Obviously, they've had sponsorship from some big companies.
【翻译】很显然，他们已经得到某些大公司的赞助。
apparently [ə'pærəntlɪ]
【例句】Apparently they are getting divorced soon.
【翻译】看样子，他们很快就要离婚。
evidently ['evɪd(ə)ntlɪ]
【例句】Ellis evidently wished to negotiate downwards after Atkinson had set the guidelines.
【翻译】埃利斯显然希望在阿特金森制定了指导方针后继续往下协商。
确定地 (certainly ['sɜːt(ə)nlɪ])
definitely ['defɪnɪtlɪ]
【例句】I definitely remember sending the letter.
【翻译】我记得这封信肯定发出去了。
undoubtedly [ʌn'daʊtɪdlɪ]
【例句】Mr. Brooke is undoubtedly in a spot of bother.
【翻译】布鲁克先生肯定遇到了点小麻烦。
decidedly [dɪ'saɪdɪdlɪ]
【例句】He made all the other players on the field look decidedly ordinary.
【翻译】他使场上所有其他运动员都黯然失色。
完全地 （totally ['təʊtəlɪ]）
completely [kəm'pliːtlɪ]
【例句】This newspaper gave a completely different slant on the tax reform.
【翻译】这家报纸对税制改革持有完全不同的看法。
absolutely ['æbsəluːtlɪ]
【例句】At the end of a day’s teaching, her nerves were absolutely shattered.
【翻译】教了一天课，她精疲力竭。
entirely [ɪn'taɪəlɪ]
【例句】An entirely rigid system is impractical.
【翻译】一套完全死板的体制是不实际的。
广泛地 (widely)
generally ['dʒen(ə)rəlɪ]
【例句】The plan was generally welcomed.
【翻译】该计划大受欢迎。
extensively [ik'stensivli]
【例句】She has travelled extensively.
【翻译】她游历甚广。
universally [juːnɪ'vɜːsəlɪ]
【例句】The scale of the problem is now universally recognized.
【翻译】现在全世界的人都已认识到了这个问题的严重性。