★ 形容词： 

1. 贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken
2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off
3. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding 

4. 积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous
5. 消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental= baneful =undesirable
6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest
7. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome 

8. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous
9. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching
10. 有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated
11. 流行的： popular = prevailing = prevalent= pervasive 

1.Everywhere 普遍的Widespread、Prevalent、Overflow、Rampant
2.Good 好的Beneficial、Advantageous 

3.Harmful 有害的Inhumane、Detrimental、Baneful
4.Rich 富有的Wealthy、Affluent
5.Poor 贫穷的Impoverished
7.Serious 严重的Severe 

8.Obvious 明显的Manifest、Apparent、Evident 9.cheap 便宜的Economical、Inexpensive
★ 动词：
1. 提高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize
2. 引起：cause = trigger = endanger 

3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with
4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate
5. 培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture 

6. 激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur
7. 认为： think = assert= hold = claim = argue
8. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve
9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold 

10. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize
11. 减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten
1.Improve 提高：Promote、Advance、Enhance
2.change 改变：Transform 

3.Emphasize 强调：Highlight、Stress、Address(这是个9星级用法)
4.Develop培养：Agriculture、Cultivate、Nurture 

5.Break 破坏：Impair、Undermine这两个词指的是抽象意义上的破坏Jeopardize、Devastate 

6.Keep 保存Preserve、Conserve 保护资源 

7.deal With解决Tackle、Address（这也是高难度用法，很牛）、Resolve 8.need 需要Require、necessitate、call for 
★ 名词： 

1. 影响：influence= impact
2. 危险：danger = perils =hazard 

3. 污染：pollution = contamination
4. 人类：human beings= mankind = human race 

5. 老人： old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens
6. 幸福：happiness = cheerfulness = well-being
7. 老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers
8. 教育：education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing
9. 青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents
10. 优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue
11. 责任： responsibility = obligation = duty = liability
12. 能力： ability = capacity = power = skill
13. 职业： job = career = employment = profession 

14. 娱乐： enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment
15. 孩子： children = offspring = descendant= kid
1.Forefather 祖先Ancestor、Predecessor
2.Difference不同Gap（简单但是牛）、Distinction
3.Crime 犯罪Delinquency、Criminal Act 

4.Environment 环境Circumstance、Atmosphere、Surrounding、Ambience 

5.Pollution 污染Contamination 

6.Human 人类The human race  Humanity  Humankind 

7.Danger 危险Peril、Hazard 

8.In modern society 在当今社会In contemporary society In present-day society In this day and age
★ 短语： 

1. 充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with 

2. 努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for 3. 从事： embark on = take up = set about = go in for 

4. 在当代: in contemporarysociety = in present-day society= in this day and age 

5. 大量的: a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of
★ 插入语 

1.indeed的确，  2.surely无疑，  3.however然而，  4.obviously显然，  5.frankly坦率地说，  6.naturally自然，  7.luckily (或happily)for sb.算某人幸运，  8.fortunately/luckily幸好，  9.honestly真的，  10.briefly简单地说,  11.strange to say说也奇怪，  12.needless to say不用说， 13.most impor tant of all最为重要是，  13.worse still更糟糕的是，  14.in a few words(或in sum，in short)简而言之，  15.in other words换句话说， 

  16.in a sense在某种意义上，  17.in general一般说来，  18.in my view在我看来，  19.in conclusion总之，  20.in summary概括地说，  21.in fact事实上，  22.in the first place首先， 23.in addition此外， 24.of course当然，  25.to my knowledge据我所知，  26.for instance(或example)例如，  27.as a matter of fact事实上, 

28.strictly speaking严格地说，  29.generally speaking一般地说，  30.judging from…根据……判断, 

31.to be sure无疑，  32.to sum up概括地说，  33.to tell the truth老实说,  34.I am sure我可以肯定地说， 

35.I believe我相信，  36.I wonder我不知道，  37.that is也就是说， 38.it seems看来是， 39.as I see it照我看来，  40.what is important (serious)重要(严重)的是

 1解决: Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle
2损害： Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize
3给与：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford
4培养：：Develop, cultivate, foster 

5优势：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength
6 缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness
7 使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle 

8 重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative 

9 认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold,  argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced
10 保护：Protect, conserve, preserve
11确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge
12 有害的： Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental
13 要求 ：Request, demand, needs, requisition 

14 消除 ：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away
15 导致： Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate 

16 因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this 

17 增长至：Grow to，rise to，increase to，go up to，climb to，ascend to，jump to，shoot to 

18降低至：Dip to，fall to，decline to，decrease to，drop to，go down to，reduce to，slump to，descend to，sink to，slide to  

19保持稳定：Level out，do not change，remain stable，remain still，remain steady，be stable，maintain the same level，remain unchanged，be still，remain the same level，stay constant，keep at the same level，level off，stabilize，keep its stability，even out 

20 急剧地：Dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably
21平稳地：Steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly 

22 宣称：Allege, assert, declare, claim
23 发生：Happen, occur, take place
24 原因：Reason, factor, cause 

25 发展：Development, advance, progress 

26 有益的：Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding， advantageous 

27 影响：Influence, impact, effect 

28明显的：Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear 

29占：Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose 

30与…相比：Compared with，compared to，in comparison with，in comparison to，by comparison with，by comparison to 

31对比而言：By contrast，in contrast，on the other hand，on the contrary=，conversely 

32展示：Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe 

33 大约：Approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly
34波动：Fluctuate，go ups and downs，display a fluctuation，demonstrate a fluctuation  

35事实上：Practically，in practice，essentially，in essence，in reality，in effect，in fact，as a matter of fact，it is a fact that 

36换言之：Namely，that is to say，in other words，to put it like this，to put it differently，to put it from another way，to put it from another angle. 

1.individuals,characters, folks替换people ,persons 

2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising (有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good 

3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad 如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换 

  Eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive. 

4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many. 

  注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。   Eg. Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that….同理 用most, if not all ,替换most. 

5: a slice of, quiet a few , several替换some 

6:harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替think (因为是书面语，所以要加that) 

7:affair ,business ,matter 替换thing
8: shared 代 common 

9.reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits ) 

10:for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion 

11:Increasing(ly),growing 替换more and more( 注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly. 

  Eg.sth has gained growing popularity.  Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth. 

12.little if anything, 或little or nothing替换hardly  
13..beneficial, rewarding替换helpful 

14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 替换customer
15.exceedingly,extremely, intensely 替换very 

16.hardly necessary, hardly inevitable ... 替换 unnecessary, avoidable 

17.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in 

18.capture one’s attention替换attract one’s attention.
19.facet,demension,sphere代aspect 

20.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of代 indicate, suggest ,fear 
21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause 

22. There are several reasons behind sth 替换..reasons for sth
23.desire 替换want 

24.pour attention into 替换pay attention to
25.bear in mind that 替换remember 

26. enjoy, possess 替换have(注意process是过程的意思)
27. interaction替换communication 

28.frown on sth替换 be against , disagree with sth 

29.to name only a few, as an example替换 for example, for instance
30. next to / virtually impossible,替换nearly / almost impossible