Unit 1

保护海洋健康组织指出，海洋资源日益枯竭，十种商业鱼类中有七种捕捞量已达饱和或过度捕捞，更有甚者，这些鱼类的产卵区很多已被清理出来用作养虾池塘、高尔夫球场和海滨度假区。由于过度开发、农业减产、废水污染和毁灭性的捕鱼作业而引起的生物栖息地毁坏，科学家门能够认识的各种毒藻的数量增至原来的三倍之多，使得鱼类死亡、滨海浴场关闭以及经济损失事件日益增多。

Safeguarding the Health of Ocean says that seven out of 10 commercial fish species are fully or over-exploited, and even worse, many of their spawning grounds have been cleared to make room for shrimp ponds, golf courses and beach resorts. Habitat degradation, resulting from development, agricultural run off, sewage pollution and destructive fishing practices has led to a tripling in the number of poisonous algal species identified by scientists, increasing fish kills, beach closures, and economic losses.

Unit 2

基于生态系统的渔业管理是目前全球渔业管理的新概念，其要求从海洋生态系统整体出发制定渔业管理决策吗，并运用多学科知识，加强各部门合作，实现资源开发与生态保护相协调。目前东海渔业管理面临着内外双重压力。对内，渔业资源因过度捕捞和海洋污染不断减少；对外，中日、中韩渔业协定生效后，近海捕捞作业压力因大量渔船回归而进一步加大。因而，探索基于生态系统的管理对于解决东海渔业问题应该是一种有效尝试。

Ecosystem-based fishery management is a new concept of international fishery management. Though ecosystem-based fishery management has no generally accepted definition, its characteristics are clear, including that resources exploitation and ecosystem protection should be reconciled as much as possible; fishery management decisions should be made on the basis of an integrated study with knowledge from a variety of subjects; different departments should cooperate with each other. The East China Sea (ECS) is one of the most fundamental fishing grounds in China. Current fishery management in the ECS is however primarily based on single fish, failing short of an integrated fishery management from the perspective of the whole marine ecosystem. Moreover, fishery management of the ECS is facing great pressures at home and abroad. On the one hand, fishery resources in the ECS are declining due to overfishing and marine pollution. On the other hand, fishing pressures in coastal waters of the ECS have become heavier because of many fishery vessels returned from traditional fishing grounds like the Korea Strait and Cheju Island, and the Fishery Agreement between China and Japan as well as the Fishery Agreement between China and Korea which came into effect recently. As such, investigating ecosystem-based management is an urgent need for resolving these problems regarding fishery management in the ECS.

Unit 3

中国是一个人口众多、经济发展水平较低、气候条件复杂、生态环境脆弱、易受气候变化不利影响的发展中国家。气候变化对中国自然生态系统和经济社会发展带来了现实的威胁，主要体现在农牧业、林业、自然生态系统、水资源等领域以及沿海和生态脆弱地区，适应气候变化已经成为中国的迫切任务。同时，中国正处于经济快速发展阶段，面临着发展经济、消除贫困和缓解温室气体排放的多重压力，应对气候变化的形势严峻，任务繁重。

As a developing country with a large population, a relatively low level of economic development, a complex climate and a fragile eco-environment, China is vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, which has brought substantial threats to the natural ecosystems as well as the economic and social development of the country. These threats are particularly pressing in the fields of agriculture and live-stock breeding, forestry, natural ecosystems and water resources, and in coastal and eco-fragile zones. Therefore, China's priority task at present is to adapt itself to climate change. The multiple pressures of developing the economy, eliminating poverty and mitigating the emissions of greenhouse gases constitute difficulties for China in its efforts to cope with climate change, since the country is undergoing rapid economic development.

Unit 4

非法、未报告和无管制（IUU）的捕捞渔业中并不是一个新现象，其范围不仅限于公海渔业，它也发生在沿海国的专属经济区、河流和内陆渔业中。国际社会为维持渔业可持续发展的能力，积极应对IUU捕捞。各国和地区可以通过渔船注册制、渔船登记簿、渔船许可证等措施防范、遏制与消除IUU捕捞。

Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing is not a new phenomenon in capture fisheries nor is it confined to high seas fisheries. It also occurs in the exclusive economic zones (EEZs) of coastal states and in river and inland fisheries. To guarantee the sustainable development of fishery, the international society actively copes with IUU fishing. Countries and regions can take measures, like fishing boat registration, register book for fishing boat, fishing license and so on, to prevent, deter and eliminate IUU fishing.

Unit 5

只要孕妇的二恶英摄入量（来自鱼和其他食物）不超过其长期容许的摄入量，那么胎儿神经系统发育达不到最佳状态的风险可以忽略不计。在婴儿、儿童和青少年人群中，还没有足够的证据对健康的风险和好处设定一个定量的框架。然而，包括水产在内的早期生活健康饮食模式影响着成年期的饮食习惯和身体健康。

At levels of maternal dioxin intake (from fish and other dietary sources) that does not exceed the established long-term tolerable intakes of dioxins, the risk of suboptimal neural development is negligible. Among infants, young children and adolescents, evidence is insufficient to derive a quantitative framework of health risks and benefits. However, healthy dietary patterns that include fish established early in life influence dietary habits and health during adult life.

Unit 6

当地震发生时如果产生海啸，第一波海啸抵达陆地的时间可能会短于15分钟，这个时间并不足以让官方进行通知。因此最好的警告，就是地震本身。如果您是住在一个海啸区，当地面严重的震动超过一分钟，最好的方法就是不要犹豫并尽快安全地往高地移动。以下是海啸来临时该怎么做的详细信息：

1往高地移动（至少要比海拔高潮线高10—15米以上）。

2尽可能避免使用车辆等交通工具。

2 如果附近没有高地，就迅速往内陆移动，远离海岸。如果也无法这么做。那么赶快找一个坚固的建筑物或是爬到屋顶上。混凝土建筑物是最安。，

3如果以上都不行，最后的手段就是爬上一棵够壮的树。

The first waves may reach shore in as little as 15 minutes after an earthquake. This may not be enough time for an official warning to be issued. The best warning, then, is the earthquake itself. If you live in a tsunami zone and the ground shakes severely for more than one minute, head for high ground as soon as it's safe to move. The following are more details about what to do when a tsunami hits:

1. Move to high ground immediately (at least 10-15 metres in elevation above the high tide line). 

2. Avoid using vehicles when escaping if possible.

3. If you can't get to high ground, head inland, and run away from the coast. If you can't do either of them, go to an upper story of a sturdy building or get on its roof. Concrete buildings are the safest. 

4. As a last resort, climb a strong tree.