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    当前位置： 首页> 《呼啸山庄》中象征意义的解读

    《呼啸山庄》中象征意义的解读

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    《呼啸山庄》中象征意义的解读AnInterpretationoftheSymbolicMeaningsinWutheringHeights





    Abstract:EmilyBronte(1818-1848isconsideredasoneofthemostimportantwomen
    writersintheEnglishliteraturehistory.TheclosenesstonatureandherextensivelyreadingmadetheuniquenessofherworksWutheringHeights.Theapplicationofsymbolismendowsthenovelwithspecialcharming.Emilyusesthecomplexnarration,Gothicelementscombiningwithlotsofimageswithsymbolicmeaningstodisplayingtheinnerworldofthecharactersandhighlightsthetheme.Thewriterusessymbolsextensivelyintheprocessofcreatingthenovel,endowingthecharacters,placesandsceneswithspecialsymbolicmeaning.Atthesametime,Symbolismhelpstheauthorportraythecharacters’personalitiesandconveythecharacters’complicatedpsychologicalactivities,furthermoreenrichestheideologicalcontentoftheworks,leavingthereadertheinfiniteimaginationandcontemplationofmeaningoflife.TheapplicationofsymbolisminWutheringHeightsfullyreflectspeople’suncontrollabledesiretopursuefreedomandhappinessaswellastheauthor’sviewonbeauty,humanityandlove.Thisarticleworksaroundtheanalysisofthesymbolicmeaningofthedomesticimagesandthenatureimagestointerpretthesignificanceofthisclassicworks.
    Keywords:WutheringHeights；symbolism；domesticimages；natureimages

    摘要：艾米莉·勃朗特被认为是英国文坛最重要的女性作家之一。艾米莉从小的生活环境和广泛的阅读赋予她对生活与众不同的观察视角和独到的见解。象征手法是使《呼啸山庄》具有独特魅力的艺术手法之一。艾米莉采用浪漫主义的想象、象征寓意和独特的叙事技巧、哥特式元素和大量的具有象征含义的意象来烘托人物的内心世界从而深化主题。在其代表作《呼啸山庄》中，艾米莉赋予了各种意象丰富的内涵。作家在其创作过程中广泛运用了象征的创作手法，从而使得小说中的人物、场所及大自然中的其它景物都带上了特殊的象征意义，使故事情节充满神秘色彩。同时，象征手法的运用反过来帮助作者塑造人物性格、展现人物内心活动，丰富作品的思想内涵，增加了小说的艺术魅力，给读者留下了无限的想象和对人生的思索。作品通过象征手法，充分反应了人们对幸福生活和自由的向往和追求以及作者对美、人性和爱情的看法。本文主要通过对作品中生活中的事物和自然中的事物的象征意义的分析来赏析《呼啸山庄》这部经典著作。
    关键词：《呼啸山庄》；象征手法；日常事物；自然事物




    Contents

    I.AnIntroductiontoEmilyBronteandWutheringHeights.….…….…...1
    A.AbriefaccountofEmily’slife……………….………….……….……...1B.AbriefintroductiontoWutheringHeights………………….…….….…...2
    II.AnIntroductiontoSymbolismandItsInfluenceonLiterature….….3
    A.Originandthefeaturesofsymbolism...…………………………….……3B.Applicationofsymbolisminotherliteraryworks...……………..….…….3
    III.TheApplicationofSymbolisminWutheringHeights………….…….5
    A.CriticsontheuseofsymbolisminWutheringHeights..…………….……..5B.TheinterpretationofthesymbolicmeaningsinWutheringHeights.….……5
    1.Symbolicmeaningsinthedomesticthings..…..……..………….……5
    2.Symbolicmeaningsinnature……….………………….….….…….8IV.SignificanceoftheApplicationofSymbolisminWutheringHeights………………………………………..……………….……...….…………10
    A.Displayingthecharacters’personalitiesandrevealingthedeeppsychologicalactivities……………….…………………….………………….…...10B.Deepeningthethemeandpromotingthedevelopmentofthestory……….11
    V.Conclusion…………...…………………………………...….………….12WorksCited……...………………………………..………………………14


    AnInterpretationoftheSymbolicMeanings
    InWutheringHeights


    I.AnIntroductiontoEmilyBronteandWutheringHeights

    A.AbriefaccountofEmily’slife
    EmilyJaneBrontewasbornatThorton,YorkshireonJuly30,1818.Shewasthefifthofthesixchildren.HerfatherwasappointedasaclergymantoliveinHaworthwhenshewaslessthantwoyearsold.Ayearlater,Mrs.Brontedied,andamaternalauntcametolookaftertheinfants.Atherfive,sheandhersisterweresenttotheboardingschoolatCowanBridge.Butbecauseofthebadconditionintheschool,theirfathertookthemhome.ThesixlittleBrontesplayedinatinyroomoverlookingthegraveyard.Theywereexceptionallyquiet,butEmilyhadaquicktemperlikeaboy.Themostfavoritethingforherisroamingaroundthemoors.Thechildrenspentmostoftheirtimeinreadingandcomposition.In1846,thethreesisterspublishedtheircollectionofpoemsbutunsuccessfully.Ayearlater,hermasterpiece,WutheringHeightswaspublished,althoughatthattimeitisnotasnoticeableandpopularastoday.In1848,shediedoftuberculosisattheagethirty.
    1.TheaspectsinfluencingEmily’suniquenessa.Herself-consciousness
    InEmily’sshortlifestorywemightnoticeshewasdistinctlydifferentfromotherwomenofhertime.Likesomefamouswomenwriters,suchasElizabethBrowning,EmilyDicksonandVirginiaWoolf,Emilylostthematernalloveearly,soshelearnttogetstronginmindandthusmadeherrealizedherselfasanindependentbeingearly.Thefreelifestyleandsimplecustominthesmalltownstrengthenedherabilitytolookinsidethecoreoflife.Frequentclosenesstonaturemadehercouldfreelyexpressherstronginneremotion.b.Readinginfluence
    Readinggreatlycontributedtoherwriting.“Brontesistersreadmanyeighteenth-centurynovels,includingtheworksofH.Fielding,S.Richardson,Goldsmith,W.ShakespeareandWalterScott”(Barnard48.ButthegreatestliteraryinfluenceonEmilywasthatofthepoetGeorgeGordonByron.TheByronicspirit,thenotionoffatal,ismuchinevidenceinEmily’spoetryandhernovel.Heathcliff’smysteriousorigin,revenge,rebellion,andvitality,providesaprototypeofthefatedByronichero.
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    AnInterpretationoftheSymbolicMeanings
    InWutheringHeights

    Notonlyfromthepeoplearoundher,butfromthewidelyreadingofliterature,didEmilyeventuallymakesherworkssuchauniquenovel,WutheringHeights.
    B.AbriefintroductiontoWutheringHeights
    WutheringHeightsisconsideredasoneofthemostpowerfulandextraordinarybooksintheEnglishliteraturehistory.ItbeginswithMr.Lockwood,atenantofHeathcliff’s,visitingthehomeofhislandlord.ThesceneinWutheringHeightspiqueshiscuriosity,sobacktoThrushcrossGrange,hebeggedNelly,aservantwhogrewupthereandnowcaresfortheGrange,totellhimofthestoryaboutHeathcliff,NellynarratedthemainlineofWutheringHeights.
    Mr.Earnshaw,aYorkshirefarmerandownerofWutheringHeights,bringshomeanorphanfromLiverpool.TheboyisnamedHeathcliffandraisedwithEarnshaw’schildren,HindleyandCatherine.CatherinelovesHeathcliffbutHindleyhateshimbecausehisfatherlikesHeathcliffmorethanhimself.AfterMr.Earnshaw’sdeath,HindleydoeswhathecantodestroyHeathcliff,butCatherineandHeathcliffdonotfearhimatallandobliviousofanythingandanyoneelse—untiltheyencountertheLintons.
    EdgarLintonandIsabellaliveatThrushcrossGrangeandarecompletelyoppositesofHeathcliffandCatherine.ThehospitalityofLintonsandthetotallydifferentlifeattractCatherinedeeply.ShespendsmoretimewiththeEdgarandgraduallyforgetsheroldfriendHeathcliff,whichmakesHeathcliffjealous.WhenHeathcliffoverhearsCatherinetoldNellythatshecouldnotmarryhim,heleavesHeightsandisgoneforthreeyears.Whileheisgone,CatherinemarriesLinton.Butthemarriageisnothappyinfactbecausetheyarefromtwodifferentworlds.WhenHeathcliffcamebacktoHeightsagain,hehasalreadyturnsintoamanwithpropertyandgentility.Butthistimeheisdeterminedtotakerevengeonthetwofamilies.First,hemarriedEdgarHareton’ssisterbuttreathercruelly.Second,hegotthepropertyfromHindleybytrickinghimintogambling.Finally,therevengeevenextendedtothesecondgenerations.AfterCatherine’sdeath,HeathcliffinducedCathy,thedaughterofCatherineandEdgar,tomarryhisownweaklingsonLinton.Untilthattime,Heathcliffhadalreadyhandledthepropertiesofthetwofamilies.However,becauseofsufferingfromCatherine’sdeathandthepsychicwoundforalongtime,Heathcliffdiedinmiseryanddesperately.Intheendofthenovel,HeathcliffandCatherinearereunitedindeath,andCathyandHareton,thesonofHindley,aregoingto
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    AnInterpretationoftheSymbolicMeanings
    InWutheringHeights

    beunitedinmarriage.

    II.AnIntroductiontoSymbolismandItsInfluenceonLiterature
    A.Originandfeaturesofsymbolism
    AsnaturalismoriginatedinFranceinthefieldofnovel,symbolismgraduallyappearedalsoinFranceamonganumberofrebelliouspoets.Itbeganfromthe1810sandendedin1914(thebeginningoftheWWI.CharlesBaudelaire,PaulMallarme,JeanMoreandPaulValeryweretheeminentsymbolistsatthattime.
    Valerythoughtthat:“Symbolismisakindofbrand-newandgrotesquespirit.Itmeansthepowerofformandbeautyandtheauthorityofart…theinneractivitycanbestatedas‘mysticism’insomeextent.Becauseofitsself-sufficient,symbolismcontentsandsupportshumansoul”(张402.Mallarmeheldthat:“SymbolismdefiedtheoutdatedapproachesofNaturalism.Differentfrom‘sermon’,‘unrealfeeling’,and‘objectivedepiction’,symbolismstressesontheexpressionofthoughtthroughthetransformationofit”(张403.Inaword,differentcriticsandpoetshavedifferentexplanationtosymbols.Toacertainextent,symbolmakinguseofthespecificthingsintherealworld,suchascolorimagesorvoice,plantsandanimals,isameansofliterarycreationshowingtheauthor'sthoughtsandemotionsindirectly.“Authorusedsymbolism,aformofimagery,toportraysomethingunusualtothereader.Itmakessentencesorideassubtleandnotsoobtrusive”(林186.
    Becausesymbolisnotadirectandsimpledescriptionoftheobjectivesbutbymeansofmetaphorandhintstoarousethereaders'imagination,thusthesymbolisoftenassociatedwithuncertaintyandmulti-meanings.Becausesymbolcantriggerreaderswithabundantimaginationandhasmultiplemeanings,thusitcangiveoriginallycommonthingswithgreatpower,andthisistheartisticcharmofsymbolicart.
    B.Applicationofsymbolisminotherliteraryworks
    HawthorneandMelvillearemastersofsymbolisminAmericaninthenineteenthcentury.TheScarletLetterisHawthorne’sundisputedmasterpiece,whichmakeslargeuseofrevealingthepowerfulpsychologicalinsightintotheanxietyofhumansoul.Authorendowedlotsofimageswithdeepsymbolicmeanings.Forexample,theletter
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    “A”standsfor“Adultery”literally,butitalsomeans“Angel”atthesametime;“LittlePearl”meanspurity,integrityandeternallove,etc.Inthisnovel,theuseofsymbolismbuildsuptheframeworkandlaunchesacloselinkbetweenthehumanrelationships.
    OneofthestrikingtraitsofMobyDickisMelville’suseofsymbolismtoexpresshisunderstandingofthewholeworld.Ahab,thecaptain,istheemblemandembodimentofthepioneersengagingintheexplorationofthegreatnature.Herepresentsthosechallengingthemysteriousnaturefearlesslydespitealltheobstaclesandhardship.Thoughconfrontedwithmanyunforeseeabledifficulties,Ahabneverdrawsbackorceasedhisexpedition.MobyDick,however,isacomplicatedsymbol.Itisdepictedasanunexplainableandpowerfulforceofnature.Itisthecombinationofstrengthandcruelty.Itistheawfulmysteryoftheuniverse.Melvilletriestoconveysuchafaith:inthebattlebetweenmanandnature,peopleareinevitablyconfrontedwithsuchobstaclesasMobyDick,but,inthelongrun,manwillbethefinalwinner,butatthesametime,manmustfollowcertainprinciples.
    Hardytriestorevealtheconflictsandharmonybetweenmanandnatureaswellastheconflictsamonghumanbeingsthemselvesbytheuseofsymbolism.ThedescriptionofnaturescenesinTessoftheD’UrbervilesexplicitlydemonstratesHardy’ssuperbabilitytointegratehisstoryintoitsnaturalbackground.Red,thecolorofblood,isassociatedwithTess’swholelifeinthenovel.ThefirsttimeTessappearsinthenoveliswhenshedancedwitharedribbon.Heretheredribbonandherpouted-upmouthsuggestherinnatequality—youthful,enthusiasticandvigorous.What’smore,HardyoftenconnectsTesswithplantsinnaturetoshowherpurequalityandtragicfortune.Thecolorwhiteusuallysymbolizedpurityandnaivety.Tessisjustlikethewhiteflowersinherhand,innocentandbeautiful,butthelifeisfragileandshortliketheflowers’.
    InJaneEyre,theuseoffireimageryisverymuchrelatedtothecharacterandmoodoftheprotagonistsanditalsoservestoshowJaneinasortofintermediatepositionbetweenthetwomen.Asthenovelprogresses,thefireimagerybecomesarepresentationoftheemotionalandmoraldialecticofthecharacters.Rochesterisverymuchassociatedwithfire,withthe‘strangefireinhislook’,andparticularlywithhis‘flamingandflashingeyes’.Thefireimageappearsmanytimesinthenovel.ItstandsforakindofstrongtheRomanticfireofpassionthatseizesRochesterandJane.

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    III.TheApplicationofSymbolisminWutheringHeights

    A.CriticsontheuseofsymbolisminWutheringHeights
    Lotsofstudieshavefocusedontheexplorationofthetheme,characters,writingtechniques,artisticstylesortheanalysisofthestructureofWutheringHeights.Butthesuccessfulapplyingofsymbolisthemostimportantfeatureofthework.Emilyusedsymbolsuccessfullytoexpressdeepphilosophywithconcretethings.Sheexplainsherideasandfeelingsofthesociety,life,andhappiness.SomecriticslaytheirpointsofviewontheuseofsymbolismtechniquesinWutheringHeights.VirginiaWoolfsaid:“ThesymbolicimageremindsusofhowEmilyBrontestopshortofthefinalmystery,butalsohowtoexplorehumansituationsandemotionsrightuptoit”(杨159.
    SymbolisminWutheringHeightsgrowsoutofnaturalsurroundings,actualobjectsandeventsofthestory.Theyareintimatelyrelatedtotheemotionsandexperiencesofthecharacters.Daviescommencedlikethis:
    Thoughthesymbolicelementsinthestoryalmostthrustthemselvesonthereaders’perception,symbolismisneverasingle,straight-forwardmeaningandnotassimplyorganizedasmightfirstbesupposed.Emilycreatessymbolswithcomplexcoexistingmeaning,andwithmeaningthatvariesondifferentlevels.(Davies90
    Symbolismplaysanimportantparttohelpexplorethecharacters’innerdeepactivities.Whenaliteraryworkisrestudied,itsdeepexplorationofpsychologicalconsciousnessshouldbeconnectedwithwiderconnotationthroughsymbolism.Hencethere-evaluationofWutheringHeightswillbeworthwhile.
    B.TheinterpretationofthesymbolicmeaningsinWutheringHeights1.Thesymbolicmeaningsinthedomesticthingsa.Thewindow
    ThewindowappearsmanytimesinWutheringHeights.Windowisatransparentthinpieceofglass.Butinthisnovel,itfunctionsamediumthatconnectstheinsideworldwithoutsideworld.Atthesametime,itisalsoabarrierbetweenthetwoworlds.ThefirsttimewindowappearsinWutheringHeightsiswhenCatherineandHeathcliffwanderintotheThrushcrossGrange.TheylookthroughthewindowandfindlittleLintonswere
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    AnInterpretationoftheSymbolicMeanings
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    playinginthegraciousroom.“Wediddespisethem”(Bronte59.Heathcliffdoesn’tthinktheyarehappybecausehethinkstheycouldnotget“out”.Theyarenotfree.ButCatherineisattracteddeeplybythesceneandLintons.WiththespoilingandcareofLintons,sheturnsherhearttotheluxuriousmaterialandbeginstodespiseherowninnocentandnaturallifeandforgetsthatHeathcliffandsheinfactwerethe‘outsiders’inother’seyes.SowhensherejectsHeathcliffandmarriesLinton,shelosesherself.ByhermarriagetoLinton,shetriesherbesttobethe‘insider’,butshecouldnotinfact.Whensherealizesthemistakeshemade,sheeventriestofindherwayoutofitbydeath.Tobeexact,shethrowsopenthewindowtofindtheeternalfreedom.Sheopensthewindow,shouts:“…findaway,then...you(Heathcliffareslow...youalwaysfollowedme!”(Bronte161.
    OnthenightafterCatherine’sdeath,HeathcliffreturnstoWutheringHeightsthroughthewindow,becauseHindleyhasbarredthedooragainsthim.Herethewindowbecomesthejointbetweentheimaginationandthereality.Inimagination,Catherinescratchesonthepane,lookingthroughthetransparentthinwindowthatseparatesherfromhumanitybutcannotget“in”andlingerson.Inreality,Heathcliffcannotget“out”.WhenHeathcliffdied,hiswindowopensandtheraindrovestraightin.Hereweseethatbymeansofdeathandbytheopeningwindow,CatherineandHeathcliffhastheirwishesfulfilled,pairingoffintheheaven.ForbothCatherineandHeathcliff,windowisthedooropentohappiness.
    Thewindowappearseverywhere.Itrevealsthebarrierbetweenprimitiveandcivilization,natureandsociety,aswellashumanandghost.Emilyusesthewindowtoemphasizehertheme---tosurpassthebarrierandrestorethehumannature.Attheendofthenovel,thetaskofthewindowhasfulfilled.Thebarrierhasbeenclearedoff.CatherineandHeathcliffgettogetherintheotherworld,CathyandHaretonwillmarryandlivehappilyattheGrange.b.Thebook
    BookisanotherimageEmilyusestoemphasizehertheme.Itrepresentsthecivilizationandistheconnectionamongpeople.Tosomeextent,itisanimportantcluethroughoutthebook.
    InchaptertwoyoungCathyfirstintroducesthebooktothereader.ShetakesadvantageofabookinordertodriveoutJoseph,theservant.Sheusesthebookasa
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    weapon.Inthesameway,CatherinefillstheblankspacesinherbookswithherownobservationandbadcommenceaboutJoseph.BookisanoppressingtoolinthehandofJoseph,butitisarebelliousmethodinthechildren’shands.
    Thebookimage,playingasafortress,isthemostimportantpartinthenovel.OnceEdgarcannotdealwiththeproblemsinreality,hevisitshisbooksfrequentlytoseektemporarypeaceandrefuge.Heisafraidofhisdaughter’smeetingwithHeathcliffbutshedoesn’tobeyhim,thenHeturnstohisbooks.Thedangerstillexistsbuthepretendsnottoseeitandindulgeshimselfinthebooksandhidhimselflikeanostrich.Herethebookismisusedasashieldforhiscowardcharacter.
    Thethingsbecomesgettingbetterwhenbookusedinthesecondgeneration.EvenHaretonistaughtcursesandrudeness,buthehasgoodvirtuesinheart.Haretonhashisself-esteemthoughheisroughandilliterate.Inhisheart,helongsforknowledgeandrespect.Onlybookcanhelphimtorealizehisdream.Althoughtherearesomelittleconflictsbetweenthem,finallytheydonothateeachotherandgraduallyfallinlove.Theconnectionoftheiraffectionisalsobook.CathysendsHaretonabookasagiftandHaretonfinallychangesintoagentlemanwiththehelpofCathyandbook.
    Thepowerofbookiscontinuities.AfteroneyearabsenceLockwoodreturnedtotheHeights,heisgreetedbythesightofthetwoloversunitedbythebook.Theyarereadinghappilyandpleasantly.Aworldofeternalsummerregeneratesfromthebooks.
    Thebook,representingcivilizationandgoodvirtues,runsthroughthetwogenerations.Fromeverycharacter’sattitudetobooks,wecangaspthecharactersofeachbetter.Andalsothebook,whichcanunitepeopleandreconcilethem,pushesthenoveltooneanothersummit.c.Thetwohouses
    InWutheringHeights,therearetwoplaceswherethestoryvirtuallytakesplace.Fromthesymbolicdepictionofthesettings,thereadercanlearnclearlythecharacteristicsoftheowner’sandsforeseetheconflictsbetweenthetwofamilies.
    WutheringHeightsisalwaysinastateofstorminesswhileThrushcrossGrangealwaysseemscalm.WutheringHeightsisexposedtothewindandfilledwithunpleasantthingssuchasdrabdécorandfiercedogsdescribedas‘cold’and‘dark’.ThisissimilartothecharacterofHeathcliff.Inaddition,theauthordepictsspecificpartsofthehouseasanaloguestoHeathcliff’sface.ThewindowsoftheHeightsare‘deeplysetinthewall’
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    (Bronte2;similarly,Heathcliffhasdeep-setdarkeyes.WutheringHeightsembodiedHeathcliff’stwistedhumannature.
    Theatmospheresofthetwohousesarequitedifferent.Onthecontrary,ThrushcrossGrangeisthesetinacivilizedvalley.Itdescribesas“beautiful—asplendidplacecarpetswithcrimson,andcrimson-coveredchairsandtablesandapurewhiteceilingborderedbygold,ashowerofglass-dropshanginginsilvertapers”(Bronte59.ThrushcrossGrangeissimilartotheupperclassofVictorianlifestyle.Lintonsareallgentle,delicate,andweak.Edgarisclam,feebleincomparisonwithHeathcliff.HeisnomatchforthewickedHeathcliffandapparentlybecomesvictimtohistreachery.
    What’smore,thedogsinWutheringHeightsareusedasguarddogs,butthoseinThrushcrossGrangearepets,tobelovedandcaredfor.
    Throughoutthework,thetwohousesaresetagainsteachother.Thissymbolizestheoverallthemeofgoodvs.evil.Untiltheendofthenovel,whenboththetwohousesareundercontrolofHeathcliff,hehasfulfilledhisintrigueandreachedhisoverwhelmingmotiveofrevenge.Butafterhisdeath,theextinctionofhisbodysymbolizedtheresurrectionofthesoulandtherestoringofhumanity.2.Thesymbolicmeaningsinnature
    Inthisnovel,naturebecomesoneoftheindispensableelementsinsymbolism.Emilydescribesthenaturalimagesasiftheycancommunicatewithpeopleandalsohavefeeling.a.Themoor
    Theconstantemphasisonatmosphereendowstheimageswithsymbolicimportance.MoorsinWutheringHeightsalwaysaredescribedas“wide,wild,highbutsoggy,andinfertile”(Bronte45.WhenCatherineandHeathcliffarechildren,theyroamthemoorsdaybynight,themoorsymbolizesthewildcharacterofthem.Withoutmoors,Catherinelosesherfreedomandundergoesmentalsuffering.Evenintheendshewasin“aparoxysmofdespair”,shewaseagerforreturntothemoors,whichembodiedthereturntoherchildhoodwithHeathcliff.Sosheasksforbeingburiedinthemoorsafterherdeath.Attheendofthenovel,theirspiritsreturntothemoorandreuniteagain.b.Theweather
    Weatheroftenmirrorsthecharacters’feelingsandexperience.Throughoutthenovel,Emilyputthemaincharactersinthevividscenesofchangeofweather.Emilyalways
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    presentsthebadnatureimages,suchasthestorm,thethunder,thestrongwind,therain,eventhesnowinsummer,toparallelthecharacters’emotionalpain.WhenHeathcliffheardthatCatherinewouldmarryLinton,thestormcame“rattlingovertheHeightsinfury.Therewasaviolentwind,aswellasthunder,andeitheroneortheotherspiritatreeoffathecornerofthebuilding”(Bronte107.Thestorm,thunder,andhispowerfulwindsymbolizethemercilesspowerthateventuallydestroystheirlove.3.Themoon
    Moonappearsinthebookconstantly.Usually,itisaconsistentsymbolofpeaceandharmony.Attheendofthenovel,LockwoodvisitsHeightsagain.“That’salovelyearlySeptemberday;thebrilliantmoonpoursitssteadyradiationdowngenerously”,hewitnessesayoungcoupleloveseachotherdevotedly(Bronte419.Thenoveldrawstoanendinacalm,peacefulandpropitiousatmosphere.Allthechaosanddisturbanceareultimatelyregressedtoaneternalstillnessandtranquility.4.Thebird
    Birdsarecommonimagesinthenovel.They,whichindicatethefateofthecharacters,symbolizefreedomandthepursuittohumanityandnature.
    WhenCatherineishalfmad,pullingthefeathersoutofthepillow,shesaystoherself,
    That’stheturkey’s…andthisisawildducks.Andthisisapigeon’s.Ah,theyputpigeon’sfeathersinthepillow---nowanderIcouldn’tdie!LetmetakecareandthroughitonthefloorwhenIliedown.Andhereisthemoorcock’s.andthis—Ishouldknowitamongathousand—Bonnybird…thebirdwasnotshot—wesawitsnestinthewinter,fulloflittleskeletons.Heathcliffsetatrapoverit,andtheelderonedarenottocome.Imadehimpromisehe’dnevershootalapwing,afterthat,andhedidn’t.Yes,herearemore!Didheshootmylapwings?(Bronte154
    HereCatherinementionslotsofbirds.Eachhastheirsymbolicmeanings.LapwingstoryisanexcellentportrayofCatherineandhercondition.Sheislikethelapwing,controlledbythenatureandlawandshecannotchangeherfate.Lapwingisknownasaparent-birdaccordingtoitsbehavior-pattern.Whentheyoungoneisindanger,theypretendtobecrippledortodragawingtoattracttheenemy’sattention.Natureiscrueltothecreatures.Itishardforthemtolivelonger.Sodopeopleinthenovel.InWuthering
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    HeightsHeathcliff,Hindley,andCatherineallorphans.AndHindley,Frances,Isabella,Catherine,andLintonalldiedyoung,leavingtheirchildrentobeorphanstoo.Inherimagination,sheandHeathcliffgotothemooragainandsawthenestfulloflittleskeletons.Asmallfamilydisappears,theirhomebecomeatomb.Itisthesymbolofherchildhood,orphanlikethis.Afterthedeathofherfather,theprotector,sheisexposedtotheindifferencewithouttheprotection.Andalsoinherimagination,herimaginationHeathcliffsetsatrapforthelittlelapwings,sherealizessubconsciouslythatitisHeathcliffmadetheirfamilybroken.Thelapwingstoryisahintforeshadowinglaterdevelopmentinthenovel.ItimpliesthecomingcrueltiesofHeathcliff’sactions.Inhumanworld,HeathcliffwillalsolaythetrapoverthenestofthechildHareton,hisownsonLintonHeathcliffaswellasCathy.
    Itiscrueltokillthebeautifulnaturalcreaturesinordertomaketopillow.InCatherine’smind,someonekillthebirdsandinthiswaybreakherfamily.Soshetearsthepillowintopiecesandsortsthem.Bydoingsoshewantstotracebacktothesourceofeachbirdandmakethemfree.Herstrongdesireistoreturntothesourcewheresheliveshappilywithherfamilyinherchildhood.
    InWutheringHeightsHeathcliffsetsthetraptothelapwings,whichleadtothedeathoftheyoungones.Lapwingbirdsaretheimageofhumanbeing.Emilyusesthebirdimagetoemphasizethetheme.AndalsotheorphanmakesusthinkofBrontefamily.Theauthorshowsympathyfortheorphansandbyorphanssheindicatesthemiserableconditionofherself.

    IV.SignificanceoftheApplicationofSymbolisminWutheringHeights

    A.Displayingthecharacters’personalitiesandrevealingthedeeppsychologicalactivities
    WeatherchangeswiththemoodofthecharactersinWutheringHeights.Therearemanyplaceswhererain“flood”,andthesnowandwind“whirlwildly”and“blast”.Fromthebadweather,wecanfeelthedeepdesperate,anxious,orindignantfeelinginone’smind.
    What’smore,theirpersonalityissimilartofeaturesoftheirlivingenvironment.TheEarnshaw’spersonalityiswild,irritableandpassionatelikethestormwhichroarsat
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    AnInterpretationoftheSymbolicMeanings
    InWutheringHeights

    WutheringHeightsallyears,whileLintons’iscivilized,calmandgentlejustliketheThrushcrossGrangeissetinapleasantvalley.Heathcliff,ashisnameindicates,hasthecharacteristicsoftheheathwhichgrowsinthewildnessandthecliffwhichishardandcoarseunsuitableforthecivilized.
    B.Deepeningthethemeandpromotingthedevelopmentofthestory
    Themotifsinthebook,generallyspeaking,arethatlifeanddeath,goodandevil,beautyandugliness,pursueforfreedomandself-realization.1.Revealingtheconflictbetweensocietyandnature
    Theintimacywithnaturebringstothechildrentheircharactersaswellastheconflictbetweenselfandsociety.Thesimplicityofnatureandthesophisticationofthehumansocietyarenoteasytocombineintheself.Andthedestinyofcharactersisdecidedaccordingly.Itsymbolizestwowaysoflifeorvaluesystems,thenaturalenergiesandtherestrictiverealityofcivilizedcodeandmanner.
    ToCatherineandHeathcliff,natureisindispensable;whentheyareawayfromnature,theylosethemselves.Catherinedoesnotthinktheheavenincommonpeople’smindissuitableforher.Sheregardsthewildnatureasherheaven.SowhensheisthehostessatGrange,shefindsitaprison,atthesametime,IsabellafindsWutheringHeightshell.Differentconceptsofhappinessareconnectedtothedestinyofoneself.
    Innature,peoplecanbefreefromthedisturbanceandfromthesociety.CatherineandHeathcliffbothareclosedtonature;thesimilarityonthispointmakesCatherinelikesHeathcliffmore.However,“ononehand,Catherinewantstogetridoftherestrictionofsociety,ontheother,sheisafraidoftheconsequence.Soshemadeacompromisebetweenthetwocontradictorybyhermarriage.Sheintends,indifferentway,toloveboth”(Rylance160.Butononecannotreallyachieveit.Civilizationandnatureseemtobeincompatiblewitheachother.
    2.Appealingtocomebacktonatureandthepursuitoffreedom
    Natureisthesourceofhappinessandalsoprovidesthemrefuge:Hindley’tortureisnothingaslongasCatherineandHeathcliffaretogetherinnature;whenCatherinefeelssuffocatedintheGrange,sheasksNellytoopenthewindowforhertobreaththeairfromnature;Heathcliff’deathwithopenwindowindicateshiseagernesstogobacktonature.Natureinthenovelistheonewhichcanprovidethefreedom,comfort,andchildhood
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    AnInterpretationoftheSymbolicMeanings
    InWutheringHeights

    happinessfortheprotagonists.
    3.Encouragingreaderstothinkabouttherealbeautyandugliness
    Thetwomajormalecharacters,HeathcliffandEdgarLinton,aretotallydifferentandhavesharpcontrastineveryaspect.Emilygaveherappreciationofbeautyandugliness.Hersovertakesthatofappreciationincommonsense.Linton,whoiswell-educatedandhavegoodmanner,isaperfectgentlemaninVictorianage.Butheisalsodescribed“feeble”,“delicate”,“paleandweak”.Heathcliff,thoughrough,brutalandbad-temper,ismuchvitalandstrong-minded.AswecanseefromthedescriptionofEdgarasaspoiledchild,ashiveringcoward,Edgarrevealstheuglinessofhisrealfeature.Healwaysispassiveandactswithoutresponsibility.Whenhisauthorityischallengedhewithdraws.Inhiswholelife,hebehaves“toogentle,weakandcowardly.HeneverhastheabilitytocounterHeathcliff’svengeance”(陆60.
    Thesettingofthetwohousesformsanothercontrastbetweenbeautyandugliness.ThestyleoftheGrangeismuchmorerefinedanddelicatethanthoseofHeights.ButHeightsislivelierthantheother.Fireplaysanimportantpartinthedemonstrationofbeauty.Withfire,WutheringHeightsexemplifiesamorepassionatelifethanthecoldairofGrange.What’smore,thewindandmoorsmakeWutheringHeightsfulloffiercelifeandvitality.
    Thenovelpresentsvariousbeauty-uglinesscontrastsrepresentedbythetworivalmenandthehouses.Basedontheappreciationofbeautyandugliness,Heathcliffistheunionofpowerandmature,adynamicorlivingharmony,abeingoftruth—fullofvitalpowerandpassion,whereasthesicklyLintonistotallyopposite.Heisaunionofweaknessandinaction.
    V.Conclusion

    Emilyisagreatwriter.WutheringHeightsisregardedashermasterpieceinbothideologicalandartisticlevels.ItclearlyreflectsEmily’smajorthemeasaromanticrealist.
    WutheringHeightscentersontheloveofHeathcliffandCatherine.Thisfierybutuniqueaffectionseemssostrangeandevenalientousthatwealmostincapableofunderstandingit.Buttheuseofsymbolismleadsusintothedepthofthecharacters’inner
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    AnInterpretationoftheSymbolicMeanings
    InWutheringHeights

    soul.Emilyhasthegeniusofliftingcommonthingsfromtheworldaroundherandgivingthemvitalityandmagnitude.Theimageryinherworks,thefire,theflower,thelight,thehouses,touchestheheartoflife.
    Thesuccessfuluseofsymbolismistheimportantfactorsthatendowthenovelwitheverlastingartisticcharm.Symbolismhelpstheauthorconveythecharacters’complicatedpsychologicalactivities,makingtheabstractfeelingsconcrete,visualandacceptable.What’smore,symbolismalsohelpsdeepenthethemethereforepromotethedevelopmentofthestory.
    Bythemeansofsymbolism,Emilydisplaysthecharacters’personalitiesandrevealsthedeeppsychologicalinneractivitiesofthecharacter.Atthesametime,Emilyshowsherearnestdesiretobebacktonature,andexpressesherlongingforfreedomandherattitudetowardsbeautyandugliness.

    WorksCited

    Barnard,Robert.EmilyBronte.Shanghai:ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress,
    2009.
    Bronte,Emily.WutheringHeights.Beijing:foreignlanguageteachingandresearchpress,
    2006
    Davies,Stevie.“ThreeDistinctandUnconnectedTales:TheProfessor,AgnesGreyand
    WutheringHeights.”TheBrontes.Shanghai:ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress,2004:72-98.
    Rylance,Rick.“GettingOn:Ideology,PersonalityandtheBronteCharacters.”The
    Brontes.Shanghai:ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress,2004:148-69.林六辰.英美小说要素解析[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社，2004.
    陆小宁.《呼啸山庄》与《金琐记》感情世界之比较[J].外国文学研究，2000（1）：
    59-64.
    杨静远.勃朗特姐妹研究[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社，1983.
    张安祺，黄克剑等.西方文艺理论史—从柏拉图到尼采[M].北京：中国人民大学出
    版社，2007.
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