2018年1月广东省普通高中学业水平考试
数学试卷(B卷)
1、选择题:本大题共15小题. 每小题4分,满分60分. 在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.
1、已知集合word/media/image2.gif,word/media/image3.gif,则word/media/image4.gif( )
word/media/image5.gif.word/media/image6.gif word/media/image7.gif.word/media/image8.gif word/media/image9.gif.word/media/image10.gif word/media/image11.gif.word/media/image12.gif
2、对任意的正实数word/media/image13.gif,下列等式不成立的是( )
word/media/image5.gif.word/media/image14.gif word/media/image7.gif.word/media/image15.gif word/media/image9.gif.word/media/image16.gif word/media/image11.gif.word/media/image17.gif
3、已知函数word/media/image18.gif,设word/media/image19.gif,则word/media/image20.gif( )
word/media/image5.gif.word/media/image21.gif word/media/image7.gif.word/media/image22.gif word/media/image9.gif.word/media/image23.gif word/media/image11.gif.word/media/image24.gif
4、设word/media/image25.gif是虚数单位,word/media/image26.gif是实数,若复数word/media/image27.gif的虚部是2,则word/media/image28.gif( )
word/media/image5.gif.word/media/image29.gif word/media/image7.gif.word/media/image30.gif word/media/image9.gif.word/media/image21.gif word/media/image11.gif.word/media/image31.gif
5、设实数word/media/image32.gif为常数,则函数word/media/image33.gif存在零点的充分必要条件是( )
word/media/image5.gif.word/media/image34.gif word/media/image7.gif.word/media/image35.gif word/media/image9.gif.word/media/image36.gif word/media/image11.gif.word/media/image37.gif
6、已知向量word/media/image38.gif,word/media/image39.gif,则下列结论正确的是( )
word/media/image5.gif.word/media/image40.gif word/media/image7.gif.word/media/image41.gif word/media/image9.gif.word/media/image42.gif word/media/image11.gif.word/media/image43.gif
7、某校高一(1)班有男、女学生共50人,其中男生20人,用分层抽样的方法,从该班学生中随机选取15人参加某项活动,则应选取的男、女生人数分别是( )
word/media/image5.gif.word/media/image44.gif word/media/image7.gif.word/media/image45.gif word/media/image9.gif.word/media/image46.gif word/media/image11.gif.word/media/image47.gif
8、如图所示,一个空间几何体的正视图和侧视图都是矩形,俯视图是正方形,则该几何体的体积为( )
word/media/image49.gif.word/media/image50.gif word/media/image7.gif.word/media/image30.gif word/media/image9.gif.word/media/image29.gif word/media/image11.gif.word/media/image51.gif
9、若实数word/media/image13.gif满足word/media/image52.gif,则word/media/image53.gif的最小值为( )
word/media/image5.gif.word/media/image24.gif word/media/image7.gif.word/media/image22.gif word/media/image9.gif.word/media/image54.gif word/media/image11.gif.word/media/image21.gif
10、如图,word/media/image55.gif是平行四边形word/media/image56.gif的两条对角线的交点,则下列等式正确的是( )
word/media/image5.gif.word/media/image57.gif word/media/image7.gif.word/media/image58.gif
word/media/image9.gif.word/media/image60.gif word/media/image11.gif.word/media/image61.gif
11、设word/media/image62.gif的内角word/media/image63.gif的对边分别为word/media/image64.gif,若word/media/image65.gif,则word/media/image66.gif( )
word/media/image5.gif.word/media/image67.gif word/media/image7.gif.word/media/image68.gif word/media/image9.gif.word/media/image69.gif word/media/image11.gif.word/media/image70.gif
12、函数word/media/image71.gif,则word/media/image72.gif的最大值和最小正周期分别为( )
word/media/image5.gif.word/media/image73.gif word/media/image7.gif.word/media/image74.gif word/media/image9.gif.word/media/image75.gif word/media/image11.gif.word/media/image76.gif
13、设点word/media/image77.gif是椭圆word/media/image78.gif上的一点,word/media/image79.gif是椭圆的两个焦点,若word/media/image80.gif,则word/media/image81.gif( )
word/media/image5.gif.word/media/image29.gif word/media/image7.gif.word/media/image51.gif word/media/image9.gif.word/media/image82.gif word/media/image11.gif.word/media/image83.gif
14、设函数word/media/image72.gif是定义在word/media/image84.gif上的减函数,且word/media/image72.gif为奇函数,若word/media/image85.gif,word/media/image86.gif,则下列结论不正确的是( )
word/media/image5.gif.word/media/image87.gif word/media/image7.gif.word/media/image88.gif word/media/image9.gif.word/media/image89.gif word/media/image11.gif.word/media/image90.gif
15、已知数列word/media/image91.gif的前word/media/image92.gif项和word/media/image93.gif,则word/media/image94.gif( )
word/media/image5.gif.word/media/image95.gif word/media/image7.gif.word/media/image96.gif word/media/image9.gif.word/media/image97.gif word/media/image11.gif.word/media/image98.gif
二、填空题:本大题共4小题,每小题4分,满分16分.
16、双曲线word/media/image99.gif的离心率为 .
17、若word/media/image100.gif,且word/media/image101.gif,则word/media/image102.gif .
18、笔筒中放有2支黑色和1支红色共3支签字笔,先从笔筒中随机取出一支笔,使用后放回笔筒,第二次再从笔筒中随机取出一支笔使用,则两次使用的都是黑色笔的概率为 .
19、圆心为两直线word/media/image103.gif和word/media/image104.gif的交点,且与直线word/media/image105.gif相切的圆的标准方程是 .
三、解答题:本大题共2小题. 每小题12分,满分24分. 解答须写出文字说明、证明过程和演算步骤.
20、若等差数列word/media/image91.gif满足word/media/image106.gif,且word/media/image107.gif.
(1)求word/media/image91.gif的通项公式;
(2)设数列word/media/image108.gif满足word/media/image109.gif,word/media/image110.gif,求数列word/media/image108.gif的前word/media/image92.gif项和word/media/image111.gif.
21、如图所示,在三棱锥word/media/image113.gif中,word/media/image114.gif,word/media/image115.gif,word/media/image116.gif为word/media/image117.gif的中点,word/media/image118.gif垂直平分word/media/image119.gif,且word/media/image118.gif分别交word/media/image120.gif于点word/media/image121.gif.
(1)证明:word/media/image122.gif;
(2)证明:word/media/image123.gif.
2018年1月广东省普通高中学业水平考试
数学试卷(B卷)答案解析
一、选择题:本大题共15小题. 每小题4分,满分60分. 在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.
1、B 解析:word/media/image124.gif,故选B.
2、B 解析:对于B项,令word/media/image125.gif,则word/media/image126.gif,而word/media/image127.gif,显然不成立,故选B.
3、C 解析:word/media/image128.gif word/media/image129.gif,故选C.
4、D 解析:word/media/image130.gif word/media/image131.gif,故选D.
5、C 解析:由已知可得,word/media/image132.gif,故选C.
6、B 解析:对于A项,word/media/image133.gif,错误;
对于B项,word/media/image134.gif,word/media/image39.gif,则word/media/image135.gif,正确;
对于C项,word/media/image136.gif,错误;
对于D项,word/media/image137.gif,错误. 故选B.
7、A 解析:抽样比为word/media/image138.gif,则应抽取的男生人数为word/media/image139.gif,应抽取的女生人数为word/media/image140.gif,故选A.
8、C 解析:由三视图可知,该几何体为长方体,长为2,宽为2,高为1,则体积为word/media/image141.gif,故选C.
9、D 解析:(快速验证法)交点为word/media/image142.gif,则word/media/image53.gif分别为word/media/image143.gif,所以word/media/image144.gif的最小值为word/media/image21.gif,故选D.
10、D 解析:对于A项,word/media/image145.gif,错误;
对于B项,word/media/image146.gif,错误;
对于C项,word/media/image147.gif,错误;
对于D项,word/media/image148.gif,正确. 故选D.
11、A 解析:由余弦定理,得word/media/image149.gif,又word/media/image150.gif word/media/image151.gif,故选A.
12、A 解析:word/media/image152.gif word/media/image153.gif,最小正周期为word/media/image154.gif,故选A.
13、B 解析:word/media/image155.gif word/media/image156.gif
word/media/image157.gif,故选B.
14、D 解析:对于A项,word/media/image158.gif为word/media/image84.gif上的奇函数word/media/image159.gif,正确;
对于B项,word/media/image158.gif为word/media/image84.gif上的减函数word/media/image160.gif,正确;
对于C项,word/media/image161.gif word/media/image162.gif
word/media/image163.gif,正确;
对于D项,word/media/image164.gif word/media/image165.gif
word/media/image166.gif,错误. 故选D.
15、C 解析:当word/media/image167.gif时,word/media/image168.gif;当word/media/image169.gif时,word/media/image170.gif适合上式. word/media/image171.gifword/media/image172.gif是首项为word/media/image29.gif,公比为word/media/image29.gif的等比数列 word/media/image173.gif,故选C.
二、填空题:本大题共4小题,每小题4分,满分16分.
16、word/media/image174.gif 解析:由已知,得word/media/image175.gif word/media/image176.gif
word/media/image177.gif双曲线的离心率为word/media/image178.gif.
17、word/media/image179.gif 解析:word/media/image180.gif,且word/media/image101.gifword/media/image181.gif
word/media/image182.gif.
18、word/media/image183.gif 解析:word/media/image184.gif.
19、word/media/image185.gif 解析:联立word/media/image186.gif得word/media/image187.gif
则圆心word/media/image188.gif到直线word/media/image105.gif的距离为word/media/image189.gif,故圆的半径为word/media/image190.gif
word/media/image177.gif圆的标准方程为word/media/image185.gif.
3、解答题:本大题共2小题. 每小题12分,满分24分. 解答须写出文字说明、证明过程和演算步骤.
20、解:(1)设等差数列word/media/image91.gif的公差为word/media/image191.gif.
word/media/image177.gifword/media/image192.gif
word/media/image193.gif word/media/image177.gif数列word/media/image91.gif的通项公式为word/media/image194.gif.
(2)由(1)知,word/media/image194.gif word/media/image195.gif
word/media/image196.gif又word/media/image197.gif适合上式 word/media/image198.gif
word/media/image199.gifword/media/image177.gif数列word/media/image108.gif是首项为word/media/image30.gif,公差为word/media/image21.gif的等差数列.
word/media/image200.gif
21、解:(1)证明:word/media/image202.gif垂直平分word/media/image119.gif word/media/image203.gif为word/media/image119.gif的中点
又word/media/image204.gif为word/media/image117.gif的中点 word/media/image205.gif为word/media/image206.gif的中位线 word/media/image207.gif
又word/media/image208.gif word/media/image209.gif
(2)证明:连接word/media/image210.gif
word/media/image211.gif,word/media/image212.gif为word/media/image119.gif的中点 word/media/image213.gif
word/media/image202.gif垂直平分word/media/image119.gif word/media/image214.gif
又word/media/image215.gif,word/media/image216.gif word/media/image217.gif
又word/media/image218.gif word/media/image219.gif
word/media/image220.gif word/media/image221.gif
又word/media/image222.gif,word/media/image223.gif word/media/image224.gif
又word/media/image225.gif word/media/image226.gif
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