类 别 分类

一般现在时

现在进行时

现在完成时

一般将来时

被动结构

am / is / are + 过分

am / is / are +being+过分

have / has been + 过分

will be + 过分

时

态

标

志

1.频率副词：often; sometimes=(at times); always; usually; every day (every + 时间)

2. 次数：twice a week

3. on Sundays：在每一个星期天

例句:

He often cleans the room. (主动)

The room often by him. (被动)

1. now = at present = right now = at the moment

2. look, listen 开头的句子。

例句:

She is watering the trees now. (主动)

The trees by her now. (被动)

1. for / since+时间；

2. 副词ever, never, yet, already等；

3. so far = by now=up to now；

4. in the last/past few years；

5. over the years= in recent years

1. 将来的时间：tomorrow；the day after tomorrow；next week ；in a few days；in 3 years；in the future ；this evening/year/week

2. at once=in a minute=right away

3. soon

例句:

She will do it tomorrow. (主动)

It by her tomorrow. (被动)

易

错

小

结

在主从复合句中，当主句为一般将来时、主句为祈使句、主句含有情态动词时，从句必须用一般现在时。

搭配口诀：主将从现、主祈从现、主情从现

e.g.

1. I will visit Dali if it (be) sunny next week.

2. Please call me if you (be) free tomorrow.

3. You must do it if you (have) time next week.

It’s 7 o’clock + 现在进行时。

e.g.

It’s 5 o’clock. They are learning English.

1. How long常常与现在完成时连用，且句中必须用延续性动词；

2. 现在完成时+since+一般过去时

1. “主句 + if / as soon as / when

/not...until /unless +从句”的结构中，主句用一般将来时，从句用

一般现在时。→主将从现

2．表示安排或计划好近期要发生的动作，常用现在进行时表示将来。这类表达常用的动词有：come , leave, go, return, start , arrive等短暂动词。

类 别 分类

一般过去时

过去进行时

过去将来时

过去完成时

用途

表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。

表示过去某时正在进行的动作。

表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。

表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。

谓语结构 (动词形式)

全用“过去式”

was / were + V-ing

should /would + V.原

had + 过分

被动

结构

was / were + 过分

was / were + being +过分

would be + 过分

had been + 过分

时

态

标

志

有过去的时间： yesterday； the day before yesterday； last week/year； a moment ago = just now； two years ago ；in 1965

例句:

They built the house last year.(主动)

The house by them last year. (被动)

1. 有过去较具体的时间： at this time yesterday； at 3 o’clock yesterday等； 2. at that time

例句:

They were building a house at that time.(主动)

A house by them at that time. (被动)

常常用于主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中（即主过从过）

例句:

He said that he would come 主句 宾语从句

back soon.

1.by the end of last month

2. before +一般过去时

3. by the time +一般过去时

例句:

By the time I called him, he

(go) to America.

易

错

小

结

注意与过去进行时相区分：

过去进行时的时间比一般过去时更加具体，如：有 “yesterday”用 ，

有 “ at 8 o’clock yesterday” 用

。

1. 过去进行时 + when + 一般过去时；

2. while +过去进行时，+ 一般过去时；

注意：while后必须用延续性动词，when无此限制。

该时态的使用条件：

主句中要有动词过去式且从句中要有将来的时间

该时态的使用条件：

必须要有两个过去的时间或有两个

发生在过去的动作，不能单纯靠翻

译来判断。

如：他去年就已经来过这里了。

翻译：

.