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2020届广州市培英中学太和校区高三英语第二次联考试卷及参考答案
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
Designascienceholidaytowinascienceholiday
Isthereascientificholiday,tour,vacationorexperienceinyourlistthatyoudreamofmakingareality?Wemightjustbeabletohelpwiththat!Wearethecrowdsourcingthoughtsandsuggestionsonnewtours,andthewinnerwillreceivetwofreeplacesontheirtourwhenit'slaunched.Startingentries1stMay2020Deadline31stAugust2020ENTERNOW
---Writeabriefdescriptionofyouridealscienceholiday,tour,vacationorexperience.
---Nomatterhowbigorsmall,wearelookingforbrilliant,uniquethoughts.Itcanbeacomplexmulti-locationoverseasholidaytour,aweekendawaydeep-diving,orasimplewalkingtour(andeverythinginbetween.
---Ourcurrenttoursaremainlyindividual-focusedbutwewouldlovetohearideasforfamiliesandschools.---Creationsthathaveenvironmentallyfriendlythemesandalowcarbonimpactarealsowelcome.
---Yourentrycanbeassimpleasagreattitlebutwritingmorespecifieswillimprovethepossibilityofwalkingoffwiththeprize.
---Thecompetitiondoesn'tclosebySeptember,2020,soplentyoftimetobrainstormyourentry.
---Wewilllaunchthebestideainlate2020oratthebeginningof2021.Thewinnerwillreceivetheawardoncetheresultispublished.
Ifyouwanttosubmitmorethan3,999words,includephotos/mapswithyourentry,orsubmitmultipleentriesthensendittotours@newscientist.com.Thecompetitionguidelinesandotherrelatedinformationareavailableatnewscientist.com.
1.Whenwillthewinnerprobablybeannounced?A.InAugust,2020.B.InSeptember,2020.C.InJanuary,2021.D.InMay,2021.2.Whatkindofentriesmightbemorelikelytowin?A.Thoseproducingalowcarbonimpact.

B.Thosewithalonganduniquetitle.C.Thoseprovidingdetailedinformation.D.Thoseforindividual-focusedtours.3.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Togiveguidanceonacompetition.B.Toadvertiseascienceholiday.C.Toinspirecreativityinteenagers.D.Tocollecttheideasfortours.
B
Mostanimalslivingincrowdedconditionshaveparticularlystrongimmunesystems,soitlongpuzzledresearchersthathoneybeesdonot.
Partoftheanswer,discoveredin2015,isthatqueenbeesvaccinatetheireggsbymovingpartsofproteinsfromdisease-causingpathogenstothembeforetheyarelaid.Theseactasantigenstotriggerthedevelopmentofaprotectiveimmuneresponseinthedevelopingyoung.Butthatobservationraisesthequestionofhowthequeenreceivesherantigensupplyinthefirstplace?Dr.Harwoodwonderedifthenursebeesweretakinginpartsofpathogensandpassingthemtoroyaljellytheywereproducingwhileeatingthefoodbroughttothehive.
Totestthisidea,heteamedupwithagroupattheUniversityofHelsinki,inFinland,ledbyDrHeliSalmela.Together,theycollectedabout150nursebeesanddividedthemamongsixqueenlessminihivesequippedwithbabybeestolookafter.Insteadofhoney,theyfedthenursesonsugarwater,andforthreeofthehivestheyaddedP.larvae,abacteriumcausingahive-killingdisease,tothesugarwater.
Inthiscase,tostopsuchaninfectionhappening,DrHarwoodandDrSalmelaheat-treatedthepathogensandsokilledtheminadvance.Theyalsolabelledthedeadbacteriawithafluorescentdye,totrackthemeasily.And,sureenough,itwasconfirmedthatpartsofP.larvaeweregettingintoroyaljellyreleasedbythosebeeswhichhadbeenfedwiththesugarwatercontainingthat.
Alltold,thesefindingssuggestthatnursebeesareindeed,throughtheirroyaljelly,passingantigensontothequeenforvaccinatinghereggs.Theyalsomeanthenursesarevaccinatingbabybeesaswell,becausebabybees,too,receiveroyaljellyforthefirstfewdaysaftertheycomeout.
4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“trigger"inParagraph2probablymean?
A.Cutout.B.Setoff.C.Slowdown.D.Putoff.5.WhichisthemainexperimentalsubjectinParagraph3?

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