Period 3　Grammar

Teaching aims　　　

1．Revise the passive voice(including the infinitive) and know the exact meaning of the structure.

2．Be able to use the useful words，expressions and structures correctly.

Teaching procedures　　　

Step 1　Revision

Ask students to answer the following questions without referring to the textbook.

1．What was going to be tested out by Larry's wife，Claire?

2．How did Larry Belmont finally persuade his wife to accept the experiment?

3．How did Claire feel when she was offered sympathy by a robot?

4．What did Tony expect to do about the house before he was to leave and Larry was to return?

5．How did Claire feel when she was envied by those women?

6．What happened to Tony at last?

Suggested answers：

1．The robot was going to be tested out by Larry's wife，Claire.

2．Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed.

3．She thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot.

4．Tony expected the house to be completely transformed.

5．She felt it a sweet victory to be envied by those women.

6．Tony had to be rebuilt.

Step 2　Grammar learning

1．不定式的被动形式

当不定式与逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，即不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动形式。其被动式可以分为两种：一般式和完成式。

(1)一般式：to be done，表示不定式动作在谓语动词之后或者同时发生。

It is a great honor_to_be_invited_to speak here.

很荣幸被邀请在这里讲话。

The novel is said_to_be_published_next month.

据说这本小说下月要出版。

(2)完成式：to have been done，表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前。

The book is said to_have_been_translated_into six languages.

这本书据说已经被翻译成六种语言。

The boss preferred_to_have_been_given_more work to do.

老板宁愿被分给更多的工作做。

　　2.不定式被动形式的作用

(1)作主语

It's an honor to_be_invited to the ceremony.

很荣幸被邀请赴宴。

It's a pity to_be_kept in the house in such fine weather.

在这样好的天气被关在家里真是遗憾。

(2)作表语

The letter is_to_be_sent_by airmail.

这封信笺要空邮。

(3)作宾语

She didn't like to_be_treated as a child.

她不喜欢被当成孩子。

The boy asked to_be_given an opportunity to try again.

那男孩要求给他再试一次的机会。

(4)作宾语补足语

I'd like my bedroom to_be_cleaned.

我想整理一下我的卧室。

(5)作定语

He was the last one_to_be_asked to speak at the meeting.

他是最后一个在会上被邀请发言的人。

(6)作状语

His mother left the small village，never_to_be_seen again.

他母亲离开了那个小山村，再也没有人见过她。

3．不定式有些要注意的地方

(1)感官动词和一些使役动词的不定式的主动形式要省去to，但在变成被动语态后需要加上to，能这样用的动词或动词词组有：make，have，let，see，hear，notice，listen to，watch等。如：

We often see him act like that.＝He is often seen to act like that.

我们常常看到他那样做。

(2)在can't help but，have nothing to do but结构中，介词but后的不定式省去to。如：

I can't_help_but suspect his motive.

我不禁怀疑起他的动机。

I have_nothing_to_do_but_watch TV.

我没什么事情可做，除了看电视。

(3)不定式有时要用主动形式表示被动意义

①形容词以及含有形容词的名词后的不定式，一般用主动形式表示被动意义，其中形容词常见的有easy，difficult，important，impossible等。如：

The work is impossible_to_finish in two days.

工作不可能两天之内完成。

English is not so easy_to_learn.

英语并不好学。

②一些固定用法，如“挨骂，受责备，受批评” 用be to blame；“(东西等)出租”用to let。

He is to blame for what he has done.

他应为他所做的受责备。

The house is to let.房子要出租。

Step 3　Exercises

1．The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang，who was reported ______ the world record in the 110－meter hurdle race.

A．breaking　　　 B．having broken　　　

C．to have broken　　　 D．to break

2．I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good ______.

A．to be breathed　 　 B．to breathe

C．breathing　 D．being breathed

3．______ the project as planned，we'll have to work two more hours a day.

A．Completing　 B．Complete

C．Completed　 D．To complete

4．Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple，but it remains______ whether they will enjoy it.

A．to see　 B．to be seen

C．seeing　 D．seen

5．I hurried to the meeting hall，only______ that the meeting had been put off.

A．to tell　 B．to be told

C．telling　 D．told

6．Do let your mother know all the truth；she appears______ everything.

A．to tell　 B．to be told

C．to be telling　 D．to have been told

7．Little Tom should love______ to the theater this evening.

A．to be taken　 B．to take

C．being taken　 D．taking

8．It is said that plastics can be used to______ many things.Now people are used to______ plastics products.

A．make；using B．making；using

C．making；use D．make；use

9．With a lot of problems______，the newly－elected president is having a hard time.

A．settled　 B．settling C．to settle　 D．being settled

Keys：1～5 CBDBB　6～9 DAAC

Step 4　Drilling

Ask students to do Exercise 1 on Page 14 and then check the answers together.

Keys：

Exercise 1

be tested out，be harmed，be offered，was amazed，was not allowed，be discovered，be completely transformed，were impressed，be envied，be rebuilt

Ask students to do Exercise 2 and then check the answers together.

Keys：

Exercise 2

1．to be designed　2.to be rebuilt　3.to be accompanied　4.to be known as　5.to be filled with　6.to be tested out　7.to be envied　8.to be set aside

Step 5　Using the passive infinitive

Translate the following sentences into English using the passive infinitive.

1．那本关于《圣经》的书需要在这个周末之前还给图书馆。

2．下周末前，这个旧扶手椅将由一个沙发代替。

3．不要着急，你有足够的时间把那个传真发到你的公司。

4．你同妻子离婚的决定必须要得到她的同意。

5．刚刚出了一起事故，不过没有必要惊慌，没有人受伤。

6．虽然她考得不错，但是她预料父母还是会对考试的结果感到失望。

7．当在医院进行大手术的时候，她得到了家人的关爱和支持，为此她感到非常高兴。

8．他为自己被宣布成为智力竞赛冠军得主的事感到十分兴奋。

9．他把他们已经得到的2000元与将提供的1500元加在一起，总共3500元。

10．没有主力队员的参与，他们一定会在即将到来的比赛中被打败。

Suggested answers：

1．That book on the Holy Bible needs to be returned to the library by/before the end of the week.

2．That old armchair is to be replaced by a sofa next week.

3．Don't worry—you still have plenty of time for that fax to be sent to your company.

4．Your decision to divorce your wife has to be made with her agreement.

5．There has been an accident but there is no need to be alarmed.Nobody has been hurt.

6．Although she had done well，she expected her parents to be disappointed by her exam results.

7．She was happy to be supported by the affection of her family when she had a serious operation in hospital.

8．He was so excited to be declared the winner of the talent competition.

9．He added the 2000 yuan they had received to the 1500 yuan to be offered，making 3500 yuan in all.

10．Without their key/leading player，they're bound to be beaten in the coming competition.

Step 6　Homework

Finish off Exercises 1 and 2 on Page 56.