第二版 新视野大学英语4读写教程 词汇

NUIT1 A

chase vt. run after sb. or sth. in order to catch them 追逐；追赶

cruelty n. [C, U] behavior that makes people or animals suffer 残酷；残忍

pessimistic a. expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that sth. will have a bad result 悲观的

conquest n. 1. [U] the process of gaining control over sth. through great effort 征服；控制

2. [sing., U] the act of taking control of a country, city, etc. by force 征服；攻占

bankrupt a. without enough money to pay what one owes 破产的

motive n. [C] a reason for doing sth. 动机

worship vt. admire and love sb. very much 崇拜；敬重；仰慕

8>spur vt. encourage sb. or make them want to do sth. 鼓励；刺激

9>lure n. [C] sth. that attracts people, or the quality of being able to do this 诱惑

10>drown v. 1. have a very strong feeling or a serious problem that is dificult to deal with 沉浸于

2. die from being under water for too long, or to kill sb. in this way （使）淹死

11>imperial a. 1. great and magniicent 壮丽的；宏大的

2. relating to an empire or to the person who rules it 帝国的；皇帝的

12>agent n. 1. [C] sb. whose job is to help an actor, artist, etc. ind work 经纪人

2. [C] a person or company that represents another person or company, esp. in business 代理人；代理商

13>hasten vt. make sth. happen sooner or more quickly 加快；加速

14>elevator n. [C] a machine that carries people or goods up and down in a building 电梯

15>blur n. [C] sth. that one cannot remember or see clearly 模糊的记忆；模糊不清的事物

16>idle a. not working or producing anything 不工作的；闲着的

17>bore vt. make sb. lose interest and become tired and impatient 使厌烦

18>bored a. tired and impatient 厌烦的

19>continuity n. [U] the state of continuing for a period of time 连贯（性）；连续（性）

20>sustain vt. make sth. continue to exist for a period of time 维持；使...持续

21>minute a. very small 极小的

<22>discount vt. 1. regard sth. as unlikely to be true or important 忽视；低估

2. reduce the price of sth. 降低价格；打折

n. [C] a reduction in the usual price of sth. 折扣

<23>plot n. 1. [C] the story of a book, film, play, etc. （小说、电影、戏剧等的）情节

2. [C] a secret plan 阴谋；密谋

<24>　moviemaker n. [C] sb. who makes ilms, esp. a director or producer 电影制作人

<25>distinct a. 1. clearly different or belonging to a different type 明显不同的；独特的

2. able to be clearly seen, heard, smelled, etc. 清晰的；清楚的；明显的

<26>spotlight n. [C] 聚光灯

<27>jungle n.　 [C, U] a thick tropical forest with many large plants growing very close together （热带）丛林

<28>fraud n. [C, U] the crime of deceiving sb. in order to get money or sth. illegally 欺诈；诈骗

<29>contaminate vt. make sth. dirty or poisonous 污染；弄脏

<30>underline vt. 1. draw a line under a word to show that it is important 在...下划线

2. emphasize; show that sth. is important 强调，使突出

<31>　uncompromising a. unwilling to change one's opinions or behavior 不妥协的；不让步的

<32>object vi. oppose or disapprove of sth. 反对；不赞成

<33>accuse vt. say that sb. is guilty of a crime or of doing sth. bad 指控；控告

<34>banquet n. [C] a formal dinner for many people on an important occasion 宴会

<35>sue vt. make a legal claim against sb., esp. for money 起诉；控告

<36>attorney n. [C] a lawyer 律师

<37>second vt. support a suggestion made by another person in a meeting 支持；附议

<38>fine vt. make sb. pay money as a punishment 罚...的款

<39>expel vt. force sb. to leave a school or organization 开除；驱逐

<40>justify vt. show that there is a good reason for sth. that other people think is unreasonable 证明...有道理；为...辩护

<41>　single-minded a. having one clear aim and working very hard to achieve it 一心一意的；专一的

<42>novelist n. [C] sb. who writes novels 小说家

<43>musician n. [C] sb. who performs or writes music, esp. as a job 音乐家；乐手

<44>desperate a. 1. needing or wanting sth. very much 极需要的；极向往的

2. very worried and willing to do anything to change a bad situation 绝望的；拼命的

<45>　desperately ad. 1. very much 非常

2. in a worried or angry way 绝望地；拼命地

<46>alas ad. unfortunately 不幸的是；遗憾的是

Phrases and Expressions

<47>at best even when considered in the most positive way 充其量；至多

<48>run a/the risk be in a situation in which sth. bad could happen 冒险；有...风险

<49>remain /be true to continue to be loyal to sb. or sth. 忠于

<50>object to oppose or disapprove of sth. 反对；不赞成

<51>accuse sb. of sth. say that sb. has done sth. wrong or is guilty of sth. 指控；控告

<52>throw out make sb. leave a place, school, organization, etc. because they have done sth. against the rules 开除；

UNIT 1 B

<1>barn n. [C] a farm building for storing crops, or for keeping animals in |谷仓；牲口棚

<2>bull n. [C] a male cow |公牛

<3>mill n. [C] a building where grain is crushed into lour |磨坊

<4>spray v. force liquid out of a container through an opening into the air |喷；喷洒

<5>sunshine n. [U] the light and heat that come from the sun |阳光

<6>canal n. [C] an artiicial river |运河

7>bathe |vi.　 |swim in the sea, a river, or a lake |游泳

v. (BrE bath) wash oneself or sb. else in a bath |（给...）洗澡

<8>　m>air conditioning n. a system used for keeping the air in a building or vehicle cool |空调设备

<9>towel n. [C] a piece of cloth used for drying sb. or sth. that is wet |毛巾

<10>clay n. [U] a type of heavy sticky soil used for making pots, bricks, etc. |黏土

11>ditch n. [C] a narrow passage dug at the side of a ield, road, etc. for water to low through |水沟；渠

12>seashell n. [C] the empty shell of a small sea creature |贝壳

13>seaweed n. [U] |海草；海藻

14>crane n. [C] a tall machine used for lifting and moving heavy objects |起重机；吊车

15>racism n. [U] the belief that some races of people are better than others |种族主义

16>enquire v.(also inquire) ask for information |打听；询问

17>deposit |n. |1. [C] a sum of money that is paid into a bank account |存款

|2. [C] a sum of money that is given as the irst part of a larger payment |定金

18>container |n. |1. [C] sth. used for storing or holding things |容器

|2. [C] a large metal or wooden box used for transporting goods |集装箱

19>coil |n. |[C] a length of rope or wire arranged into circles or rings |卷；盘

20>tray |n. |[C] a lat object for carrying small articles |托盘

21>brow |n. |[C] the forehead |额；前额

22>moist |a. |slightly wet |湿润的

23>amuse |vt. |make sb. laugh or smile |使开心，使发笑

24>　amused |a. |thinking sth. is funny |被逗乐的；愉快的

25>booklet |n. |[C] a thin book giving information about sth. |小册子

26>sigh |n. |[C] a slow breath that makes a long soft sound |叹息；叹气

27>relief |n. |[sing., U] a relaxed feeling that sth. unpleasant has not happened or has ended |安慰；如释重负

28>heave |vt. |pull or lift sth. heavy with one great effort |（用力）举；拉；推

29>freight |n. |[U] goods that are carried by ships, planes, trains or trucks |货物

30>furnish |n. |1. supply or provide sth. |供应；提供

2. provide furniture for a house or room |为（房间或房屋）配备家具

31>auction |n. |[C] a public occasion when things are sold to people who offers the most money for them |拍卖

32>behave |vi. |act in a particular way |举动；表现

33>lest |conj. |in order to make sure that sth. will not happen |以免；唯恐

34>glue |n. |[C, U] a sticky substance used for joining things together |胶；胶水

35>porter |n. |[C] sb. whose job is to carry things, esp. traveler's bags at railway stations, airports, hotels, etc. |行李工

36>initiative |n. |[U] the ability to decide what to do and when to do it |主动性；自主决断能力

37>restore |vt. |1. make sth. return to its formal level or condition |使恢复

2. repair a building, piece of furniture, etc. so that it looks as good as it did originally |修复；使复原

38>liquor |n. |[U] (AmE) strong alcoholic drink |烈性酒

39>intent |n. |[U] what one intends to do |目的；意图

40>induce |vt. |cause sth., esp. a mental or physical change |引起，导致

41>obligation |n. |[C, U] a moral or legal duty to do sth. |义务；责任

42>melt |vi. |gradually disappear |逐渐消失

v. become or make sth. become liquid as a result of heating |（使）融化；（使）熔化

43>exceedingly |ad. |extremely |非常，极其

44>meanwhile |ad. |during the same period of time when sth. else is happening |与此同时；在此期间

45>　civility |n. |[U] polite behavior |礼貌；谦恭

46>yawn |n. |[C] an act of opening the mouth wide and taking a big breath, usually when one is tired or bored |打哈欠

47>shrug |v. |raise and then lower the shoulders to show one does not care about sth. |耸（肩）

48>barber |n. |[C] a man whose job is cutting men's hair |（男士的）理发师

49>　barbershop |n. |[C] a shop where men's hair is cut |（男士的）理发店

50>pave |vt. |cover a road, area, etc. with lat stones or bricks |铺设，铺砌

51>pen up |shut an animal or a person in a small area |把...关起来

52>cool off |become cooler after being very hot |变凉快；（使）变凉

53>enquire into |try to ind out the truth about sth. |调查；查问

54>on credit |buying sth. and paying for it later |赊；赊购

55>open a/the door to |make sth. possible |使...可能；给...以机会

56>keep one's word |do what one has promised to do |履行诺言

57>melt away |gradually disappear |逐渐消失

58>fall apart |(of an organization, system, etc.) no longer continue |（组织、制度等）瓦解，崩溃

59>hold up |support sb. or sth. and stop them from falling down |支撑

60>shrug off |treat sth. as unimportant and not worry about it |对...不予理会；对...不屑一顾

61>pave the way for |make it possible or easier for sth. to happen |为...铺平道路；为...创造条件

UNIT2

<1>ankle n. [C] the part which connects the foot to the leg 踝；踝关节

<2>comic a. causing laughter; funny 喜剧的；滑稽的

n. [C] a comedian 喜剧演员

<3>rag n. 1. (usu. pl.) old torn clothes 破旧的衣服

2. [C, U] a torn piece of old cloth 破布；碎布

<4>applause n. [U] the sound made by people applauding a performance, speech, etc. 鼓掌；掌声

<5>comedy n. [C, U] a film, play, etc. that is intended to entertain people or make them laugh 喜剧

<6>scout n. 1. [C] sb. whose job is to look for people with particular skills, esp. in sport or entertainment 物色新秀者；星探

2. [C] a soldier sent out to get information about the enemy 侦察兵

<7>crude a.　 1. rude and offensive 粗鲁的；粗俗的

2. simple and not skillfully done or made 粗制的；粗陋的

3. in the natural state; not reined 天然的；未加工的

<8>clap v. applaud 鼓掌；拍手

<9>revolt vi. refuse to accept sb.'s authority or obey rules, laws, etc. 反抗；不服从

<10>heel n. 1. [C] the raised part of a shoe underneath the back of the foot 鞋跟

2. [C] the back part of the foot 脚后跟

<11>moustache n. [C] (also mustache) hair growing on a man's upper lip 小胡子

<12>coarse a. 1. rude and offensive 粗鲁的；粗俗的

2. rough and not smooth 粗糙的

<13>nationality n. 1. [C, U] the legal status of belonging to a particular country 国籍

2. [C] a large group of people with the same race, language, culture, etc. 民族

<14>postpone vt. delay sth. to a later date or time 推迟，延迟

<15>nonsense n. 1. [U] speech or writing that has no meaning or cannot be understood 无意义的话或文字

2. [U] ideas, opinions, statements, etc. that are untrue or stupid 荒谬的想法、观点、说法

<16>doubtful a. 1. probably not true or not likely to happen 难以预料的，未定的

2. having doubts about sth. 有疑问的，感到怀疑的

<17>immense a. extremely large in size or degree 巨大的；无限的

<18>　immensely ad. to a very great extent; extremely 非常，很

<19>extraordinary a. very unusual or surprising 不寻常的；令人惊奇的

<20>rouse vt. produce a particular feeling or attitude 激起；激发

<21>script n.[C] the written form of a speech, play, film, etc. 底稿；讲稿；剧本

<22>pepper n. 1. [U] 胡椒粉；辣椒粉

2. [C] 辣椒

<23>execute vt.1. do or perform sth., esp. in a planned way 实施；执行；履行

2. kill sb. as a legal punishment 将...处死

<24>betray vt. not be loyal to one's country or a person 背叛；出卖

<25>collision n. 1. [C, U] a strong disagreement or conlict 冲突

2. [C, U] an accident in which a person or vehicle strikes against another violently 碰撞（事件）

<26>sunset n. [U] the time when the sun goes down and night begins 日落（时分）；黄昏

<27>surround vt. be all around sb. or sth. on every side 围绕；包围

<28>spark vt. make sth. happen 触发；引起

<29>Christmas n. [C, U] 圣诞节

<30>burial n. [C, U] the act or ceremony of putting a dead body into a grave 埋葬；葬礼

<31>clumsy a. awkward in movement or manner 笨拙的；不灵活的

<32>cop n. [C] a police oficer 警察

<33>incident n. [C] sth. that happens, esp. sth. that is unusual 事件

<34>memorial n. [C] sth., esp. a stone with writing on it, that is intended to remind people of sb. who has died 纪念物；纪念碑

Phrases and Expressions

<35>cut down reduce the size of sth. such as clothing, writing, etc. 改小；缩短

<36>for good for ever 永久地

<37>trip up 1. cause sb. fall by putting the foot in front of them when they are moving 绊，绊倒

2. make a mistake, or force sb to make a mistake by tricking them （使）出错

<38>make up invent a story, etc. in order to deceive sb. 虚构，捏造，编造

<39>come down in the world become poorer or less successful than used to be 落魄，潦倒；失势

<40>to a degree partly 有些；在某种程度上

<41>go along advance; move further with sth. 进行；前进

<42>find one's way into arrive or get somewhere 到达；进入

UNIT 2 B

1>revolutionary |n. |[C] sb. who supports and takes part in a revolution |革命者

2. completely new and different |革命性的；创新的

2>mayor |n. |[C] the elected leader of a town or city |市长

3>colleague |n. |[C] one of a group of people who work together |同事

4>launch |vt. 1. start sth. such as a plan, new career, project, etc. |发起；开始进行

2. send a missile, spaceship, satellite, etc. into the air or into space |发射

5>ridiculous |a. |silly or unreasonable and deserving to be laughed at |荒谬的；可笑的；荒唐的

6>misunderstand |v. |not understand correctly |误解，误会

7>　misunderstanding |n.　 |[C, U] a failure to understand correctly |误解，误会

8>ambassador |n. |1. [C] a representative for a particular sport, business, etc. |代表

2. [C] a senior official who represents his or her own country in a foreign country |大使

9>election |n. |[C, U] the process of voting sb. for a position |选举

10>activist |n. |[C] sb. who works hard to achieve social or political change, esp. as a member of an organization |积极分子；活动家

11>prayer |n. |[C] the words that sb. says when they are praying |祷文，祷词

12>veteran |a. |experienced and skilled in a particular activity |有经验的；老练的

n. [C] sb. who has been in the army, esp. during a war |老兵

13>　basics |n. |(pl.) the most important aspects or principles of sth. |基本知识；基础原理

14>sack |n. |[C] a large bag |袋；包

vt. dismiss; ire |解雇；开除

15>gram |n. |[C] (also gramme) |克

<16>loaf |n. |[C] bread shaped and baked in one piece |（条形）面包

17>sow |vt. |plant seeds in the ground |播（种）

18>spy |vi. |secretly gather information about the activities of another country or organization |从事间谍活动

19>colonial |a. |relating to a country that controls and rules other countries |殖民的；殖民地的

20>jealous |a. |1. wanting very much to protect or keep sth. |小心守护的；唯恐失去的

2. unhappy and angry because sb. else has sth. you want |妒忌的

21>assembly |n. |1. [C] a group of people who are elected to make laws |议会；立法机构

2. [C, U] the meeting together of a group of people for a particular purpose |集会

3. [U] the process of putting together the parts of sth. |装配，组装

22>substantial |a. |large in amount or degree |大量的；可观的

23>scandal |n. |[C, U] behavior or events that are considered to be immoral or shocking |丑闻

24>fierce |a. |done with a lot of energy and strong feelings, and sometimes violent |激烈的

25>rally |n. |[C] a large public meeting |集会

26>illegal |a. |against the law; not allowed by law |不合法的，非法的

27>riot |n. |[C] a noisy, violent, and uncontrolled public gathering |暴乱；骚乱

28>banner |n. |[C] a long piece of cloth with a sign on it |横幅；标语

29>fund |vt. |provide money for an event, activity or organization |为...提供资金；资助

n. [C] a sum of money for a particular purpose |基金；专款

30>earnest |a. |serious or determined |认真的；坚决的

31>dormitory |n. |[C] (also dorm) a room or building containing many beds, esp. in a school or university |宿舍

32>lemon |n. |[C, U] |柠檬

33>emperor |n. |[C] a male ruler of an empire |皇帝

34>refresh |vt. |give new energy and strength to sb. |使振作精神；使恢复活力

35>　refreshing |a. |1. pleasantly different from what is familiar or boring |令人耳目一新的

2. making sb. feel more lively when they have been feeling tired or hot |提神的；令人精神振作的

36>onion |n. |[C] |洋葱

37>run for |try to get elected to a public position |竞选

38>vote in |elect sb. by voting |投票选出

39>spy on/upon |watch secretly |监视

40>shut out of |not allow sb. to do sth. or be involved in it |不允许做，使无法参与

41>have/gain the upper hand |have the advantage or control over |占优势，占上风；控制

42>make up |combine together to form sth. |构成，组成

43>break up |make people leave a place where they have been meeting or protesting, often by force |驱散，解散

44>tear down |remove or pull down sth. roughly |撕下，扯下

45>in/by contrast |used to emphasize that sth. is clearly different from sth. else |相比之下

46>in earnest |seriously and sincerely |认真地

47>lay out 1. spread sth. out |摆出，摆开

2. plan how sth. should look and arrange it in this way |安排；布置；设计

48>watch over |guard; take care of sb. or sth. |照顾，看管

49>deliver the goods |do what one has promised to do |履行诺言

UNIT3

<1>raw a. not processed, treated, or cooked 未经加工的；天然的；生的

<2>wheelchair n. [C] a chair on wheels for people who can't walk to get around 轮椅

<3>pension n. [C] an amount of money paid regularly by the government or a company to sb. who no longer works because of age or illness 养老金；抚恤金

<4>caseworker n. [C] a social worker who works to help people with social problems 社会工作者

<5>rent n. [C] an amount of money sb. pays regularly for the use of a room, house, car, etc. that is owned by sb. else 租金

v. pay money regularly for the use of a room, house, car, etc. 租用

<6>opt vi. make a choice 选择；决定

<7>drum v.　 make a continuous sound by hitting a surface 不停敲击

n. [C] 鼓

<8>temptation n. [C, U] a desire to do or have sth., esp. sth. that is bad for you 诱惑，引诱

<9>profile n. 1. [C] the public image of a person or organization 形象；印象

2. [C] a side view of a person's head （人头部的）侧面；侧影

<10>　high-profile a. attracting a lot of public attention 引人注目的

<11>bow vi. bend one's body forward, esp. to show respect 鞠躬

n. [C] the act of bowing 鞠躬

<12>compensation n. 1. [C, U] sth. used to balance or reduce the bad effects of a damage, loss, injury, etc. 补偿；弥补

2. [U] money that sb. receives because sth. bad has happened to them 补偿金；赔偿金

<13>liberal n. [C] sb. who accepts different opinions or ways of behaving 思想开明的人

a. willing to accept different opinions or ways of behaving 心胸宽广的；开明的

<14>detective n. [C] sb. who tries to discover information about a crime and ind the criminal 侦探

<15>shorts n. (pl.) short trousers ending at or above the knees 短裤

<16>paste vt. stick sth. to sth. else or in a speciied place 粘贴

n. [U] a kind of glue made of lour and water 浆糊

<17>receipt n. [C] a written statement showing that you have paid for sth. 收据，收条

<18>donation n. [C] money or goods that you give to a person or an organization in order to help them 捐赠物；捐款

<19>hip n. [C] the part on each side of human body between the top of the leg and the waist 臀（部）；髋（部）

<20>crawl vi. 1. move along on hands and knees or with the body close to the ground 爬行；匍匐前进

2. move slowly 缓慢行进

<21>spine n. [C] the row of bones down the middle of the back 脊椎；脊柱

<22>spinal a. relating to the spine 脊椎的；脊柱的

<23>cord n. [C, U] a piece of thick string or thin rope 细绳；粗线

<24>screw n. [C] 螺丝钉

<25>roller n. [C] 滚筒；轧辊

<26>bearing n. [C] 轴承

<27>brake n. [C] a device for reducing the speed of a vehicle and bringing it to a stop 闸；制动器；刹车

<28>notify vt. tell sb. oficially about sth. 通知，告知

<29>certify vt. state that sth. is correct or true 证明，证实

<30>bid n. [C] an offer to pay a certain price for sth., esp. at an auction 出价；投标

v. offer to pay a particular price for sth., esp. at an auction 出价；投标

<31>alert vt. make sb. notice sth. important or dangerous 提醒；引起对...的重视

a. 1. paying attention to what is happening and ready to react if necessary 警觉的，警惕的

2. able to think quickly and clearly 机敏的，机警的

<32>appliance n. [C] a piece of equipment, esp. an electrical one that is used in the home 家用电器

<33>maid n. [C] a female servant 女佣，女仆

<34>roast a. cooked in an oven or over a ire 烤过的，烤制的

v. cook sth., such as meat, in an oven or over a ire 烤，烘

<35>oven n. [C] 烤炉；烤箱

<36>helicopter n. [C] 直升飞机

<37>provision n. 1. [C] a part of an agreement or law that deals with a particular problem 条款，条文；规定

2. [U] the act of providing sth. 提供，供应

<38>champion n. 1. [C] sb. who publicly supports, defends or fights for a belief, right, etc. 支持者；捍卫者

2. [C] sb. who has won in a game, competition, etc. 冠军

<39>chemist n. 1. [C] sb. who prepares and sells medicines 药剂师

2. [C] a scientist who studies chemistry 化学家

<40>urine n. [C] 尿，小便

<41>senator n. [C] 参议员

<42>governor n. [C] sb. in charge of a particular political unit 州长；总督；行政长官

<43>thrive vi. become very successful or very strong and healthy 兴旺；繁荣；茁壮成长

<44>convict vt. prove or declare sb. guilty 证明...有罪；宣判...有罪

n.[C] sb. who has been found guilty of a crime and sent to prison 囚犯

Phrases and Expressions

<45>be faced with meet sth. bad or dificult 面对，面临

<46>drum up get sth. by asking a lot of people for help or support 竭力争取；兜揽

<47>under the table in a secret way 背地里，私下

<48>get/be involved in be part of or included in sth. 卷入；参与

<49>deep down in one's true feelings 在内心深处，在心底

<50>make a fool of sb. trick sb. or make them appear stupid in some way 愚弄某人

<51>talk back reply rudely 顶嘴

<52>break down fail to work; stop working 发生故障；坏掉

<53>get around move or travel around 四处走动

<54>look into examine the facts about a problem or situation 调查

<55>build up make sth. develop or form 建立；开发

<56>lend itself to be suitable for being used in a particular way or result in sth. bad easily 适宜于；会造成

<57>convict... of declare sb. guilty of a crime 判决...有罪

UNIT 3 B

1>annoy |vt. |make sb. angry |使生气；使烦恼

2>　annoyed |a. |angry |烦恼的；生气的

3>dense a.1. closely packed together |密集的；稠密的

v. 2. thick |厚的；浓密的

4>charter |vt. |rent a boat, plane, bus, etc. |包租；租用

n. [C] a statement of the principles, duties, and purposes of an organization |纲领；章程

5>van |n. |[C] a vehicle for carrying goods |小型货车

6>angle |n. |1. [C] |角；角度

2. [C] a way of considering an issue or a problem |角度

7>jaw |n.　 |[C] the lower part of the face |下颌，下巴

8>mist |n. |[U] a thin layer of liquid on the surface of sth. which makes it dificult to see |薄雾；水气

9>steer |vt. |control the direction in which sb. moves |引导，带领

v. control the direction of a vehicle |驾驶；掌舵

10>stoop |n. |[C] a way of standing or walking with one's head and shoulders bent forward and downward |驼背

vi. bend the top half of the body forward and downward |俯身；弯腰

11>liter |n. |[C] (BrE litre) a unit for measuring the volume of liquid |升

12>grape |n. |[U] |葡萄

13>　cross-legged |a. | |盘着腿的；两腿交叉的

14>rug |n. |[C] a small carpet that covers part of a loor |小地毯

15>fabric |n. |[C, U] a type of cloth or woven material |布料；织物

|16>dye |vt. |change the color of sth. by using a special liquid |染

n. [C, U] a substance used to change the color of sth. |染料

17>lad |n. |[C] a boy or young man |男孩；小伙子

18>gallery |n. |1. [sing.] a group of similar people or things |一组（相似的人或物）

2. [C] a room or building which is used for showing works of art |画廊；美术馆；展览馆

19>violet |n. |[C] |紫罗兰

a. |blue-purple in color |紫罗兰色的

20>blouse |n. |[C] a shirt for woman |女衬衫

21>crown |n. |[C] |王冠；皇冠

22>centimeter |n. |[C] (BrE centimetre) a unit for measuring length, equal to one hundredth meter |厘米

23>highlight |vt. |1. make sth. easy to notice so that people pay attention to it |使...突出；强调

2. mark part of a text with a special color to emphasize it or make it easier to see |突出显示

n.[C] the best or most exciting or important part of sth. |最精彩（重要）的部分

24>dessert |n. |[C] sweet food eaten at the end of a meal |甜食；甜点

25>　backstage |a. & ad. |behind the stage in a theater, esp. in the actors' dressing rooms |后台的；在后台

26>brass |n. |[U] |黄铜

27>　fingernail |n. |[C] the hard smooth part that covers the top end of a inger |指甲

28>overhead |a. |above one's head |在头顶上的

29>curve |v. |bend continuously and have no straight part, or make sth. do this |（使）弯曲

n. [C] a line or surface which bends continuously and has no straight part |曲线；弯曲

30>lump |n. |[C] a mass or piece of sth. solid |团；块

31>cab |vt. |[C] a taxi |出租车

32>inn |n. |[C] a small hotel, esp. one in the countryside |小旅馆；客栈

33>skim |v. |1. move quickly over a surface |掠过

2. read sth. quickly to ind the main facts or ideas in it |浏览；略读

34>veil |n. |1. [C] a layer of sth. that makes it hard for sb. to see far |遮盖物；遮蔽物

2. [C] a piece of cloth worn to protect or hide the face or head |面纱

35>realm |n. |1. [C] an area of interest, activity or knowledge |领域；范围；范畴

2. [C] a country ruled by a king or queen |王国

36>magic |n. |1. [U] the mysterious power to make impossible things happen |魔法；魔力

2. [U] the skill of doing tricks that look like magic in order to entertain people |魔术；戏法

37>bear witness to sth. |show or prove that sth. is true or sth. happened in the past |是...的见证；证明

38>loaded with |having a large amount of a particular thing or quality |有大量...的，充斥...的

39>switch on |turn on a light, radio, etc. |开（灯、收音机等）

40>out of tune |not singing or playing the correct musical notes |走调

41>hold up |raise sth.; keep sth. raised |举起，抬起

UINT 4

<1>telecommunications n. [U] the sending and receiving of messages over distance, esp. by telephone, radio and television 电信

<2>dumb a. unable to speak 哑的，不会说话的

<3>investment n. [C, U] the act of investing money in sth. 投资

<4>Latin n. & a. [U] 拉丁语（的）；拉丁语系（的）

<5>utility n. [C] (usu. ~ties ) a service used by the public, such as electricity or gas supply 公用事业；公用设施

<6>optical a. connected with sight or light 视觉的；光的

<7>diameter n.　 [C] 直径

<8>millimeter n. [C] (Bre. millimetre ) 毫米

<9>cable n. [C] a set of wires covered in plastic or rubber, used to carry electricity 电缆

<10>copper n. [U] 铜

<11>transmission n. 1. [U] the act or process of sending out an electronic signal or message or of broadcasting a radio or television program 播送；发射；传输

2. [U] the process of passing sth. from one person, place or thing to another 传播

<12>parade n. 1. [C] a series of people or things that seems never to end 一连串，一系列

2. [C] a line of people, vehicles, etc. moving forward in order, often as a celebration of some event 游行

<13>urban a. of or in a city or town 城市的，都市的

<14>spider n. [C] 蜘蛛

<15>condense vt. make sth. shorter or smaller 缩短；压缩

<16>intensive a. involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time 密集的；集中的；加强的

<17>　labor-intensive a. (of work) needing a lot of people to do it 劳动密集型的

<18>rust v. become covered with a reddish-brown substance that forms on iron and steel 生锈

n. [U] the reddish-brown substance that forms on iron and steel 铁锈

<19>antique n. [C] sth. made long ago that is valuable or interesting 古董

<20>lick vt. 1. easily defeat sb. or deal with sth. 击败；克服

2. move one's tongue over sth. 舔

<21>strategic a. done as part of a plan, esp. in a military, business, or political situation 战略（上）的；策略（上）的

<22>recession n. [C, U] a period during which there is a decline in economy and prosperity 经济衰退

<23>scratch vt. rub a surface slightly with sth. sharp or rough 抓，挠

<24>mainland n. [sing.] (the ~) the main area of land of a country 大陆

<25>provincial a. of a province 省的；省级的

<26>infrastructure n. [C, U] the basic systems and structures that a country or organization needs in order to work properly 基础设施

<27>　superhighway n. [C] a large, wide road on which trafic travels at high speed 高速公路

<28>log vt. make an oficial record of events, facts, etc. 记录

v. cut down trees 伐木

<29>invest v. spend money on sth. in the hope of making a proit 投资

vt. use lots of time, energy, or effort to do sth. 投入（时间、精力等）

<30>investor n. [C] sb. who gives money to a company, business, or bank in order to get a proit 投资者

<31>import n. 1. [U] the act of bringing a product, service, etc. into one country from another 进口；输入

2. [C] a product or service that is brought into one country from another 进口商品

vt. bring a product, service, etc. into one country from another 进口；输入

<32>stake n. 1. [C] money that sb. invests in a company 股份

2. [C] a pointed piece of wood, metal, etc. that is pushed into the ground to support sth. or mark a particular place 桩；柱

<33>lease v. use or let sb. use sth., esp. property or equipment, in return for rent 租借；出租

n. [C] an agreement which allows sb. to use sth. in return for rent 租约；租契

<34>ridge n. [C] a long narrow raised part of land, esp. at the top of a mountain 脊；山脊

<35>reliable a. able to be depended on or trusted 可靠的；值得信赖的

<36>tag n. [C] a piece of paper or other material attached to sth. to identify it or give information about it 标签

<37>width n. [C, U] the distance from one side of sth. to the other 宽度；阔度；广度

<38>breadth n. [C, U] the width 宽度；阔度

<39>nowhere ad. not in, at or to any place; not anywhere 任何地方都不

<40>disposal n. [U] the act of getting rid of sth. 处理；消除

<41>revenue n. [U] the income that a government, company, etc. receives regularly 财政收入；收益

<42>electron n. [C] 电子

Phrases and Expressions

<43>give sb. an advantage over make sb. more likely to succeed than others 使具有优势

<44>be stuck with have sth. you do not want because you cannot get rid of it 无法摆脱，解脱不了

<45>push ahead continue trying to achieve sth. 推进；推行

<46>a matter of sth. sth. that needs or depends on sth. else 是...问题

<47>date from have existed since a particular time in the past 始于

<48>be stuck in be in an unpleasant situation and unable to change it or get away from it 陷入

<49>scratch the surface deal with only the simple or obvious parts of sth. 仅触及表面；浅尝辄止

<50>log on do the necessary actions that allow you to begin using a computer system 登录（计算机）系统

<51>at one's disposal available for one to use 供某人使用；由某人支配

<52>make use of use sth. or sb. in order to get an advantage 使用；利用

<53>keep pace with move, increase, change, etc. at the same speed as sb. or sth.else 齐头并进；并驾齐驱

<54>lag behind fail to achieve as much as sb. else; fail to remain level with others 落后；滞后

UNIT 4 B

1>cassette |n. |[C] |盒式磁带

2>edition |n. |[C] the copies of a book, newspaper, etc. that are published and printed at the same time |（书、报等的）版次；版本

3>tutor |n. |[C] a college or private teacher |导师；家庭教师

4>feedback |n. |[U] advice, criticism, etc. about how successful or useful sth. is |反映；反馈

5>via |prep. |1. by means of |通过；凭借

2. through a place |经；经由

6>semiconductor |n. |[C] |半导体

7>transmit |vt.　 |1. send out an electronic signal such as a radio or television signal |播送；传送

2. spread a disease from one person to another |传染；传播

8>　fiber-optic |a. |(BrE ibre-optic) |光学纤维的

9>carrier |n. |1. [C] a thing that carries sth. |运送工具，载体

2. [C] sb. who passes a disease to other people, esp. without being affected by it themselves |（病毒）携带者，带菌者

10>laser |n. |[C] |激光

11>hence |ad. |for this reason; therefore |因此，所以

12>format |n. |1. [C] the way in which data is stored or held for processing by a computer |格式

2. [C] a pattern, plan or arrangement |样式；计划；安排

13>audio |a. |relating to sound that is recorded and for broadcast |声音的；音频的

14>file |n. |1. [C] a set of information stored in a computer |（计算机）文件；文档

2. [C] written records that are kept about a particular person or subject |档案

15>dose |n. |[C] a measured amount of a medicine |（药的）一剂；一服

16>blade |n. |[C] the cutting part of a knife |刀片；刀刃

17>wield |vt. |hold a weapon or tool and use it |挥动；使用

18>keyboard |n. |[C] the set of keys on a computer or typewriter |键盘

19>correspondent |n. |[C] sb. who writes reports for a newspaper, TV, etc. |记者；通讯员

20>specialize |vi. |(BrE specialise) (~ in) limit all or most of one's study, business, etc. to a particular subject or area |专攻；专门研究；专门从事

21>era |n. |[C] a period of time that is marked by particular events or stages of development |时代，时期

22>　high technology |n. |[U] |高新技术

23>vacuum |n. |1. [sing.] a situation in which sth. is missing |真空般的状态

2. [C] a space that is completely empty of all gas |真空

24>synthetic |a. |artiicial |人造的；合成的

25>crucial |a. |very important |至关重要的，关键的

26>postman |n. |[C] sb. whose job is to collect and deliver letters |邮递员

27>correspondence |n. |1. [U] letters, esp. business ones |信件

2. [U] the process of sending and receiving letters |通信

28>diagram |n. |[C] a drawing that explains sth. that is difficult to understand |图解；示意图

29>portion |n. |[C] a part of sth. |一部分

30>insure |vt. |(BrE ensure) make certain that sth. will happen |保证，担保

v. arrange insurance for sth. |给...保险；投保

31>terminal |n. |1. [C] computer equipment connected to a computer system |计算机终端

2. [C] a building where people wait to get onto planes, buses, or ships or where goods are loaded |候机楼；终点站；码头

32>typewriter |n. |[C] a machine with keys for printing letters on a piece of paper |打字机

33>librarian |n. |[C] sb. who works in a library |图书管理员

34>play a leading/major/key role |be important in making changes happen |起主要/关键作用

35>come up with |produce or provide sth. |拿出；提供

36>in the hands of sb. /in sb.'s hands |being dealt with by sb. |由某人负责；由某人处理

37>take steps to do sth. |take action to do sth. |采取措施做某事

UNIT 5

<1>solitary a. tending to spend a lot of time alone 独自的；喜欢独处的

<2>tame vt. make sb. or sth. easy to control 驯服；控制

a. (esp. of animals) not afraid of people, and used to living with them （尤指动物）温顺的，驯化的

<3>pond n. [C] a small still body of water formed naturally or created artiicially 池塘

<4>inspiration n. [C, U] a sudden good idea about what to do or say 灵感

<5>solitude n. [U] the situation of being alone 独居，孤独

<6>commodity n. 1. [C] sth. that is useful or necessary 有用的东西；必需品

2. [C] a substance or product that can be bought or sold 商品，货物

<7>sunlight n.　 [U] the light that comes from the sun 阳光，日光

<8>benign n. [C] a soft bag to make a seat more comfortable 坐垫；垫子

<9>cushion n. [C] a soft bag to make a seat more comfortable 坐垫；垫子

<10>creep vi. move slowly and quietly 潜行；蹑手蹑脚地移动

<11>poetry n. [U] poems in general 诗，诗歌

<12>dictate v. 1. say sth. for sb. else to write down 口授；口述

2. tell sb. exactly what to do or how to behave 命令；指使

<13>kettle n. [C] a container with a lid, handle and a spout used for boiling water 水壶

<14>priest n. 1. [C] (high ~) a person who is famous for being the best at sth. 代表人物

2. [C] 神父；牧师

<15>reliance n. [C] [U] the state of depending on a particular person or thing 依靠，依赖

<16>　self-reliance n. [U] the state of doing or deciding things by oneself rather than depending on others 自立；自力更生

<17>hut n. [C] a small, simple building 小屋

<18>axe n. (AmE ax) [C] a tool with a handle and a metal blade used for cutting down trees or cutting wood into pieces 斧子

<19>saucer n. [C] a small curved plate on which one puts a cup 茶托，茶碟

<20>laundry n. 1. [U] the clothes and sheets which need to be or have just been washed 待洗或刚洗好的衣物

2. [C] a place where clothes, sheets, etc. are washed 洗衣店

<21>　companionable a. friendly and pleasant to be with 友善的，友好的

<22>ego n. 1. [C] the part of the mind that is responsible for your sense of who you are 自我

2. [C] your sense of your own value and importance 自我价值感

<23>humble a. 1. having a modest opinion of oneself 谦逊的，谦虚的

2. having a low social class or position 地位或身份低下的

<24>inadequate a. not enough or not good enough for a particular purpose 不充分的；不足的

<25>plural a. of a word or form which expresses more than one 复数的

n. [C] a word or form that shows you are talking about more than one thing, person, etc. 复数（形式）

<26>apology n. [C] a word or statement to say you are sorry for having done sth. wrong or for upsetting sb. 道歉

<27>soak vi. spend a long time taking a bath 长时间泡浴

v. make sth. very wet or become very wet 使湿透；浸湿

<28>pint n. [C] 品脱（液量单位）

<29>waterproof a. not allowing water to go through 防水的，不透水的

<30>slippery a. dificult to hold or to stand on, drive on, etc. because it is smooth, wet or polished 滑的

<31>observation n. 1. [C] a spoken or written remark about sth. you have noticed 评论

2. [C, U] the process of watching sb. or sth. carefully for a period of time 观察；注意

<32>choke v. 1. become unable to speak because of a strong emotion 说不出话来

2. be unable to breathe properly, or be made unable to breathe properly （使）窒息；（使）呼吸困难

<33>parcel n. [C] an object or collection of objects wrapped in paper, etc. so that they can be sent by post 包裹

<34>parrot n. [C] 鹦鹉

<35>sportsman n. [C] sb. who plays sport, esp. one who is good at it 运动员

<36>skate vi. move, dance, etc. on skates 溜冰，滑冰

<37>　skater n. [C] a person who skates 溜冰者，滑冰者

<38>　self-centered a. only interested in oneself and one's own activities 自我为中心的，自私的

<39>seal vt. (also seal up) close a container or space by covering it with sth. 封；密封

Phrases and Expressions

<40>on purpose not by accident; deliberately 故意，特意

<41>cast out make sb. leave a place, or refuse to accept sb. as part of a group 赶走，驱逐

<42>speak highly of express a good opinion of sb. or sth. 对...给予高度评价；赞扬

<43>seek out ind sb. or sth. by looking for them in a determined way 找到；找出

<44>set forth start a journey 出发，动身

<45>stretch out 1. lengthen sth. by pulling 拉长，伸长

2. lie down, usu. in order to relax or sleep 躺平；舒展

<46>back up 1. (cause to) block up （使）积压； （使）拥塞

2. support sb., esp. in an argument 支持

<47>at length 1. for a long time and in great detail 长久地；详尽地

2. after a long time 最终，终于

<48>in line in a row of people standing one behind the other while waiting for sth. （排）成一行，（排）成一队

<49>settle down become quiet and calm or make sb. do this （使）安定下来

<50>for the time being for a short period of time from now, but not permanently 暂时，眼下

<51>might as well used to suggest that sb. should do sth. because there is no good reason to do anything else 只好；还是...为好

UNIT 5 B

1>housing n. 1. [U] the job of providing houses for people |住房供给

2. [U] buildings for people to live in |房屋；住宅

2>furnace |n. |[C] a piece of equipment for heating a building |暖气炉；火炉

3>thermometer |n. |[C] a device used for measuring temperature |温度计；体温表

4>minus |a. |less than zero |零下的；负的

5>trumpet |n. |[C] |小号

6>vibrate |vi. |shake slightly and quickly |震动；颤动

7>organic |a.　 |produced without using artificial chemicals, esp. fertilizers and pesticides |有机的；不使用化肥的

8>　organically |ad. |in a way artiicial chemicals are not used to produce plants and animals for food |有机地

9>holy |a. |related to God and religion and therefore thought to be morally good |神圣的；圣洁的

10>fur |n. |1. [C] a piece of clothing made of fur |毛皮大衣；毛皮衣服

2. [U] the soft hair that covers the body of some animals |软毛；毛皮

11>stale a. 1. no longer interesting or exciting |没有新意的；乏味的

2. (of food) no longer fresh and often tasting or smelling unpleasant |（食品）不新鲜的；变味的

12>depression |n. |1. [U] the state of feeling sad and without hope |沮丧，抑郁

2. [C] a period in which there is very little business activity and not many jobs |萧条；经济衰退

13>tolerate |vt. |1. allow sb. to do sth. that you don't like or approve |容忍；宽容

2. accept sth. unpleasant |忍受；忍耐

14>undergraduate |n. |[C] a student who is studying for a irst degree at college or university |本科生

15>flexibility |n. |[U] the ability to change or be changed easily |灵活性

16>　freshman |n. |[C] (BrE fresher) a student in the irst year of university or high school |（大学或中学）一年级学生

17>timid |a. |not having courage or conidence |胆小的；缺乏自信心的

18>saw |vt. |cut sth. with a tool that has a long blade with sharp teeth on one of its edges |锯；锯开

19>irritate |vt. |make sb. annoyed |使生气；使烦躁

20>　irritating |a. |making sb. feel annoyed |令人恼火的；使人生气的

21>abstract |a. |existing as an idea in the mind, not related to physical objects |抽象的

n. [C] a short summary of a book, essay, etc. |摘要，梗概

22>residential |a. |1. requiring a person to live at a particular place |住宿的，寄宿的

2. (of an area) consisting of houses rather than factories or ofices |住宅区的

23>volcano |n. |[C] |火山

24>resort |v. |(~ to) use sth. to do sth. because one cannot ind any other way |求助于；采取；诉诸

25>jury |n. |[C] a group of people who listen to the facts of a case in a law court and decide whether sb. is guilty or not |陪审团

26>feud |vi. |have an angry and bitter argument with sb. over a long period of time |长期争斗；争吵不休

27>computerize |vt. |(BrE computerise) use a computer to control an operation, system, etc. |用计算机控制；使计算机化

28>nevertheless |ad. |despite what has just been said or done |不过，仍然

29>disorder |n. |1. [U] a state in which things are not tidy |杂乱；凌乱

2. [C, U] an illness or medical condition |紊乱；失调

30>complicate |vt. |make sth. more dificult to deal with, do or understand |使复杂化

31>selection |n. |[U] the choice of a particular person or things from a group of similar people or things |选择，挑选

32>exclaim |v. |say sth. suddenly and loudly because of surprise, fear, pleasure, etc. |呼喊；惊叫

33>chess |n. |[U] |国际象棋

34>mess |n. |[U] a dirty or untidy state |杂乱；脏乱

35>　messy |a. |dirty and/or untidy |杂乱的；脏乱的

36>paw |v. |touch with the hands rudely or awkwardly |乱翻；乱动

n. [C] the foot of an animal which has claws or nails |爪

37>postage |n. |1. [U] an amount of stamps |一定面额的邮票

2. [U] the money that one pays for sending letters and parcels through the post |邮资，邮费

38>chew |v. |use your teeth to bite food into small pieces so that you can swallow it |咀嚼；嚼碎

39>batch |n. |[C] an amount of food, medicine, etc. produced at one time |（食品、药品等）一批

40>chip |n. |1. [C] a small piece cut or broken off from glass, stone, wood, etc. |碎屑；碎片

2. [C] a microchip |芯片

41>cookie |n. |[C] a sweet biscuit |曲奇饼干，甜饼干

42>slap vt. hit sb. or sth. with the lat part of your hand |用巴掌打；掴；拍

vi. hit against a surface with a sound like a slap |啪啪地撞击；拍击

43>odds |n. |(pl.) the chances that sth. will or will not happen |可能性；概率；机会

44>strike out |start doing sth. new or living by oneself |独立闯新路；独立谋生

45>get along with |form or have a friendly relationship with |与...相处融洽

46>give up on |stop hoping that sb. or sth. will change, improve, etc. |对...不再抱希望

47>cut up |cut sth. into small pieces |切碎

48>spring from |be caused by sth. or start from sth. |由...造成，起源于

49>tear apart |cause serious arguments in an organization, group, etc. |使...分裂

50>in case |if it happens that; lest |以防；以防万一

51>head off |prevent sth. from happening |阻止，防止

52>on the basis of |based on |在...基础上；根据

| | |She was given the job on the basis of her qualifications. |由于她的资历，她得到了那份工作。

53>fill in |write what is necessary on sth. such as a paper |填写

54>sum up |state the main points of sth. in a short and clear form |总结；概括

55>against all (the) odds |in spite of the dificulties that would make sth. impossible |尽管困难重重

UNIT 6

1>bribery |n. |[U] the act of giving or taking bribes |行贿；受贿

2>ethic |n. |[C] a general idea or belief that influences people's behavior and attitudes |道德；伦理

3>　ethics |n. |(pl.) moral rules or principles of behavior |道德准则；伦理标准

4>　quick-witted |a. |able to think and understand things quickly |聪颖的；机敏的

5>on the increase |increasing 在增长

6>way of life |the behavior, habits, customs, etc. of a particular society or person |生活方式

7>pay up |pay all the money that one owes |付清欠款；还钱

8>stand by |1. remain faithful to a promise, etc.; keep to |遵守；履行

2. stay loyal to sb. and support them, esp. when they are in trouble |支持；忠于

9>in practice |in reality |实际上，事实上

10>accuse sb. of sth. |say that sb. has done sth. wrong, illegal, etc. |指控；指责

11>in private |with no one else present; secretly |私下里，秘密地

12>a fact of life |a situation that cannot be changed, esp. one that is unpleasant |生活现实；残酷的事实

13>throw out |get rid of; make sb. leave because of a fault |抛弃；驱除

14>close a deal |complete a transaction successfully |完成交易；生意成交

15>speed up |make sth. happen or move more quickly |（使...）加快速度

16>hit upon/on |think of an idea unexpectedly |忽然想出（主意等）

17>amount to |have the same effect as |等于；相当于

18>behave oneself |based on |act in a way that people think is correct or proper |表现得体

19>be caught in |based on |be in a situation that one cannot easily get out of |陷入；被卷入

20>be on the take |be willing to do sth. wrong in return for money |受贿；贪赃枉法

21>square... with...|make two ideas, facts , etc. agree with each other; agree or be consistent with another idea, fact, or situation |（使）与...一致（相符）

UNIT 6 B

1>lethal |a. |able to kill people or destroy things |致命的；杀伤性的

2>disable |vt. |make sb. unable to use their body properly |使丧失能力；使伤残

3>　knife-resistant |a. |not being easily damaged or affected by a knife |防刀划的；防刀割的

4>crop up |appear or happen suddenly or unexpectedly |突然发生；突然出现

5>up to scratch |good enough for a particular standard |达标；合格；足够好

6>be on the wrong end of |suffer the bad effects of sth. |承担...的不利后果

7>law and order |a situation in which people obey the law and behave in a peaceful way |法治；治安

8>throw up |produce sth. new or unexpected |产生；引发

9>on duty |working at a particular moment |值班，当班

10>on sick leave |being away from work for illness |休病假

11>in favor |in support of sb. or sth. |赞同；支持

12>derive from |come from; get or obtain from |来自；源于

13>wash away |remove or carry away by water or by rain |冲掉；冲走

14>lose count of sth. used for emphasizing that sth. has happened many times |数不清

15>take up |use a particular amount of time, space, or effort |占用

16>there is no point (in) doing sth. |there is no sense (in) doing sth. |做...没有意义

UNIT 7 A

1>　genetics n. [U] a branch of biology dealing with heredity and genetic variations |遗传学

2>superiority |n. |[U] the quality of being better, more skillful, etc. than other people or things |优越（性）；优势

3>bias vt. unfairly in fluence attitudes, choices, or decisions |使有偏见

n. [sing.] a tendency to consider sb. or sth. more favorably than others |偏见；成见

4>　biased |a. |preferring one person or thing to another |有偏见的；偏袒一方的

5>to date |until now |至今，直到现在

6>nothing less than |used to emphasize how important or surprising sth. is; exactly |简直是；完全

7>be conined to |be kept within certain limits |限制于，局限于

8>as of/from |starting from (the time stated) |从...起

9>in effect |in reality |in fact |事实上，实际上

10>in combination with |together with |与...一起；共同

11>be descended from |be related to sb. who lived long ago |为...的后裔

UNIT 7 B

1>prodigy |n. |[C] a young person who has unusual and very noticeable abilities for their age |奇才；天才

2>　narrow-minded |a. |not willing to accept different ideas or customs |心胸狭窄的

3>　long-term |a. |continuing for a long time into the future |长期的

4>　self-motivated |a. |motivated by oneself |积极主动的

5>spring up |appear or develop quickly and/or suddenly |涌现；突然兴起

6>out of nowhere |happening or appearing suddenly |突然发生；突然出现

7>look into |examine |调查

8>go out of one's way to do sth. |make a special effort to do sth. |特地做某事；想尽办法做某事

9>in question |under consideration or discussion |考虑之中的；谈论中的

10>step by step |gradually |逐渐地

11>have an advantage over |be better, more effective, and more useful than |比...处于有利地位，比...有优势

12>be in a position to do sth. |be able to do sth. because you have the ability, money, or power to do it |能够做；有条件做

UNIT 8 A

1>　gatepost n. [C] a post to which a gate is ixed |门柱

2>　riverboat n.[C] a large passenger boat which travels up and down a river |内河船；内河客轮

|3>prop |vt. |support sth. by leaning it against sth., or by putting sth. else under it |支撑

4>　knife-blade |n. |[C] the lat cutting part of a knife |刀刃

5>fragrance |n. |[C, U] a pleasant smell |香味，芳香

6>up to |until |直到

7>peer at |look carefully at |仔细看，凝视

8>in passing |by the way; casually |顺便；附带

9>in that |for the reason that; because |因为，原因是

10>give of sth. |give other people money, time, etc., without expecting anything in return |提供；献出

11>disapprove of |not approve of sb. or sth. |不赞同；不喜欢

12>at one's elbow |nearby; close by |在手边；在近旁

13>pay the price (for sth.) |do or give sth. in order to get what one wants |（为...）付出代价

14>in the main |in general; on the whole |基本上，大体上

15>prop up |prevent sth. from falling down by putting sth. else under or against it |支撑；顶住

16>in company with |together with |与...一起

UNIT 8 B

1>nutrition n. [U] the process of giving or getting the right type of food for good health and growth |营养

2>　nutritional a. relating to the substances in food that help one to stay healthy |营养的

3>extract n. 1. [C, U] a substance obtained from sth. else using a particular process |提取物；精华

2. [C] a short piece of writing taken from a particular book |摘录；选段

4>shrimp n.[C] |（小）虾

5>texture |n. |[C, U] the way sth. feels when you touch it |质地，质感

6>beat back |force sb. or sth. to go back |击退；逐回

7>pour out |tell sb. everything about your feelings, thoughts, etc. |倾吐，倾诉

8>have/be to do with |be about or related to sb. or sth. |和...有关系

9>when it comes to sth. |as far as sth. is concerned |当谈到

10>do the trick |do what is needed in order to achieve sth. |达到目的；奏效

11>in no way |by no means |决不；无论如何不

12>be tied up to |be closely connected or linked to sth. |与...有密切关系

13>invest in |buy sth. or spend money on sth. |花钱买；投资于

UNIT 9 A

1>contend vt. argue or state that sth. is true |声称；认为

vi. compete against sb. in order to gain sth. |竞争

2>contemplate |v. |think carefully about sth. for a long time |思量；仔细考虑

3>shave off |remove hair with sth. sharp |剃掉

4>take sb. to court |begin a case against sb. |起诉某人

5>put sth. before sth. consider sth. more important than sth. else |认为...比...更重要

6>for all |despite |尽管，虽然

7>come into |begin to be in a state |开始进入某种状态

8>so far |until now; up to this point |到目前为止；迄今为止

9>in response to |as a reply or reaction to an event or sth. that is said |作为对...的答复；作为对...的反应

10>in a lash |quickly or suddenly |转眼间

UNIT 9 B

1>franc n. [C] |法郎

2>　start-up |a. |connected with starting a new business or project |开始阶段的

3>analyst n. [C] sb. whose job involves examining facts or matters |分析家；化验员

4>gear up |prepare oneself or prepare sth. for an event or activity |（使）准备好；（使）安排好

5>warn against |advise sb. not to do sth. because it may have dangerous or unpleasant results |告诫；劝告（某人）防备

6>react to |change or act in a particular way as a direct result of sth. |（对...）作出反应

7>superior to |better than |优于

8>on a(n) ... basis |in a way in which sth. is arranged or organized |以...方式

9>in the long term |over a long period of time |从长远来说

10>hang over |(esp. of an unpleasant event) be about to happen or seem likely to happen soon |威胁；笼罩

11>in line with |in agreement with |与...一致；按照

UNIT 10 A

1>incorporate vt. make sth. a part of sth. larger |纳入；使并入

2>trigger |vt. |make sth. happen |使发生；引发

3>sort through |look for sth. among a lot of similar things, esp. when one arranges these things into an order |从...中查找

4>aim at |intend or try to achieve sth. |旨在；力争达到

5>in the act of doing sth. |while doing sth. |正在做某事

6>take note of |notice sth. |留意（到）；注意（到）

7>set aside |save or keep money, time, etc. for a particular purpose |拨出；留出

8>keep at it |continue doing sth. |坚持

UNIT 10 B

1>upbeat a. positive and making you feel that good things will happen |愉快的；积极向上的

2>bless vt. ask God to protect sb. or sth. |祈求上帝保佑

3>hold out for sth. |not accept anything less than you have asked for |坚持要求

4>shy away from |avoid (doing) sth. because of dislike, fear, or lack of conidence |回避；避开

5>show up |1. be easy to see or notice |显露；显现

2. appear; arrive, often after a delay |出现；露面

6>on sight |as soon as you see sb. or sth. |一看见...

7>be about to do sth. |be on the point of doing sth. |将要做某事

8>thanks to |because of |幸亏；由于

9>at irst glance |when irst looking at sth. |乍一看

10>be blessed with |have a special ability, quality, etc. |具有；享有