高一语法基础讲义———宾语补足语

一、定义

宾语补足语通常紧跟在宾语之后，对宾语进行补充说明。

二、结构 宾语补足语的基本结构是主+谓+宾+宾补，

三、可作宾语补足语的形式有：

不定式，现在分词，过去分词，名词，形容，副词，介词短语等。

四、具体说明：

（1）副词作宾语补足语 　如：I found him in yesterday.

（2）形容词作宾语补足语，常用的动词有：keep, make, find等。

如：We must keep our classroom clean.

（3）名词作宾语补足语，常用的动词有：call, name, make, think等。

如：We call them mooncakes.

（4）介词短语作宾语补足语，常见的动词有：keep, find, leave等。

如：I left my pen on my desk at home.

（5）不定式作宾语补足语

不定式做宾语补足语分带to的动词不定式常接和不带to的动词不定式两种。

①带to的不定式的动词常有want，teach，wish，advise，allow，ask，beg， command，tell，invite，force等等。

②在使役动词后作宾语补足语，不定式不带to。有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to，这些动词有：　一感二听三让四观看。　 一感：feel　二听：hear, listen to三让：let, have, make 四观看：observe, see, watch, look at 以及make, let, have等。转为被动语态时，其后通常都用带to的不定式 (have没有被动语态)。　　

如：Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little

sister.　　虽然经常是他弄哭小妹妹，但今天他却被小妹妹弄哭了

（6）分词作宾语补足语

用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。（即主动doing被动done）

1. 跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch, have get, keep, hear, find, feel, leave, make, want, start, notice, observe, watch, set等。

例如： There was so much noise that the speaker couldn’t make himself heard.

由于十分吵闹，讲话人没法让人听到他的声音。

1. The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see the next year.

A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out

2. Though he had often made his little sister ____, today he was made ____ by his little sister.

A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry

3. They would not allow him _____ across the enemy line.

A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going

4. I found the door _____ when I got home.

A. opened B. close C. unlocking D. open

5. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise____.

A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on

6. With a lot of difficult problems_____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

A. settled       B. settling      C. to settle    D. being settled

7. When I put my hand on his chest, I could feel his heart still ____.

A. beat B. to be beating C. beating D. was beating

8. You had better get a doctor _____ your bad tooth.

A. pull out B. to pull out C. pulled out D. pulling out

9. They are going to have the service man ____ an electric fan in the office tomorrow.

A. install 　　 B. to install 　C. to be installed 　　D. installed

10. You will see this product ____ wherever you go.

A. to be advertised 　　B. advertised 　　C. advertise 　　 D. advertising

11. His remarks left me _____ about his real purpose.

A. wondered 　 B. wonder 　　C. to wonder 　　D. wondering

12. When I caught him ______ me I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.

A. cheating B. cheat C. to cheat 　　 D. to be cheating

13. The teacher encouraged us ______ good compositions.

A. Writing B. written C. to write D. is writing

14. The result of the entrance exams was not made _____to the public until last Thursday.

A. knowing B. known C. to know D. to be known

15. John rushed out in a hurry, ___ the door_____.

A. leaving; unlocked B. leaving; unlocking C. left; unlocked D. to leave; unlocking

16. We are pleased to see the problem___ so quickly.

A. settled B. settling C. be settled D. having been settled

17. Don’t leave the water ____ while you brush your teeth.

A. run B. running C. being run D. to run

18. He looked around and caught a man ___ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.

A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting

19. John was made __the truck for a week as punishment.
A .to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing