26个英文字母在单词中的主要发音
(2013-02-28 01:14:30)
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字母a在单词中的发音
a [ei]:
base, cake, chase, date, face, gate, hate, jade, kale, late, make, name, pave, quake, rate, same, take, vane, wake
a [æ]:
bag, cat, dad, fat, gas, hat, jam,kat, lad, map, nab, pan, rack, sad, tap, vat, zap
wa, wha [ɔ]:
want, wash, what, watch
a/a:/:
ass/a:s/, ast/a:st/, ask/a:sk/, asp/a:sp/, ath/a: θ/, aff/a:f/, ant/a:nt/
class, last, ask, grasp, bath, staff, plant
a[ə]:
ago, about, above, again, sofa, china, america, canada
a[i]:
cabbage, message, village, climate, necklace, palace
ai/ei/:
aim, fail, pain, rain, tail, wait, (said)
ai/i/:
captain, mountain, fountain
air[εə]:
chair, fair, hair, pair, stair
al[ɔ:]:
chalk, talk, walk (shall, half)
ar[a:]:
arm, car, dark, far, garden, harm, jar, large, mark, park, star, yard, (warm)
ar[ɔ:]:
quar/kw ɔ:/, war /wɔ:/,whar/wɔ:/
quarter , war, warm, warn
ar[ə]:
dollar, beggar
are[εə]:
care, dare, fare, share
au[ɔ:]:
autumn, cause, pause, (aunt, laugh)
aw[ɔ:]
draw,law, raw, saw, yawn
ay[ei]:
day, lay, may, pay, ray, say, pay, way, (says)
ay[i]:
Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday
字母B在单词中的发音
b[b]:
base, bad, bed, be, bike, bit, book, both, bus, cab, job, rob
mb/m/, bt/t/:
climb, comb, lamb, doubt
bb/b/:
cabbage, hobby, rabbit, rubber, rubbish
ble/bl/, bble/bl/:
table, bubble
字母C在单词中的发音
c/k/(c在元音字母a,o,u前):
ca/kei/, ca/ kæ/, ca/k ə/, co/k əu/, co/k ɔ/,co/k ʌ/, coo/ku/, cu/k ʌ/
cage, cap, cock, come, cup, cut
c/k/(c在辅音字母前):
clean, clear, cry, cross, fact, doctor
c/k/(c在词尾):
music, picnic, traffic
c/s/(c在元音字母e、i、y前):
cent, centre, city, cycle
ce/s/(在词尾):
face, nice, ice
c/ ʃ/:
cia, cie, ciou[ʃə]:
social, sufficient, precious
cc/k/(在元音字母a、o、u及辅音字母前):
occasion, tobacco
cc/ks(在元音字母e、i、y前):
accept, accident
ch[tʃ]
china, child, children, each, lunch, much, teach
Ch [ʃ]:
ma-chi-ne ,champagne
ch/k/
ache, chemical, christmas, echo, technical
ck/k/
back, duck, lack, thick, chicken, pocket
字母D在单词中的发音
d[d]
and, card, hand, need, dust, study
de/d/
made, ride, wide
dd/d/
add, odd, ladder, sudden, middle
d/ dʒ/
soldier
d//
wednesday, handsome, handkerchief
dge/ dʒ/
bridge, edge, judge, badge, knowledge
dj/ dʒ /
adjust, adjudge
dr/dr/
dream, dress, draw, hundred
字母E在单词中的发音
e/i:/
he, she, even, fever, metre, these
e/e/
bed, desk, get, leg, lesson, message, neck, pen, rest, send, ten
e/i/
before, cinema, decide, enjoy, jacket, harvest, English, England
e/ ə/
open, garden, lilent, travel
ea/i:/
each, easy, eat, beat, cheap, dream, leaf, meat, sea, team
ea/e/
read, dead, head, breakfast, feather, ready, sweat, weather
ea/ei/
break, great
ea/iə/
area, idea, real, theater
ee/i:/
beef, deep, free, meet, green, sleep, agree, between, three
ee/i/
coffee, committee
ei/ei/
veil, vein , rein
ei/i:/
ceiling, receive
ei/ai/
either, neither
er/ ə:/
her, term, certain, persom, serve
er/a:/
clerk
er/ ə /
teacher, farmer, dinner, order, modern
ear/ iə /
ear, dear, fear, near, tear, year
ear/εə /
bear, pear, wear
ear/ ə: /
early, earn, earth, learn, search
ear/a:/
heart
eer/iə/
beer, deer, pioneer, engineer
ere/ iə /
here, adhere, sphere
ere/εə /
there, where
ere/ ə :/
were
eigh/ei/
eight, neighbor, weight, freight, sleigh
eigh/ai/
height
字母F在单词中的发音
f/f/, fe/f/, ff/f/
leef, roof, fat, fan, fox, left, after, life, wife, off
f/v/
of
字母g在单词中的发音
g/g/
game, gas, gold, good, gulf, get, got, gun, gift, girl, give, forget, begin
g/g/ (在辅音字母前)
glad, glass, ugly, single
g/g/(在词尾)
bag, dog, fog, leg, pig
g/ dʒ /
pigeon, vegetable, magic, gym
ge/ dʒ /
age, cage, large, page
gn/ ŋ/
foreign, gnaw, gnash, design
gg/g/
egg, foggy, wiggle, luggage
gg/dʒ/
suggest
gh//
fight, light, might, right, high, darghter,straight
gh/f/
laugh, tough, rough, enough, cough
gh/g/
ghost, ghastly
字母h在单词中的发音
h/h/
hat, help, hill, home, hope, house
h//
hour, hourly, honest, vehicle, forehead
字母I在单词中的发音
i/ai/
ind/aind/, ild/aild/
find, kind, mind, child, wild
i/i/
big, fish, gift, milk, give, pick, rich, ship, thin, this, give, wind, animal, capital, English, family, mistake
i/ ə/
holiday, april
ie/i:/
field, piece, thief, believe
ie/ai/
die, lie, pie, tie
ie/aiə/
diet, quiet, science, society
ie/e/
friend, firiendly, friendship
ir/ ə:/
bird, circle, first, girl, dirty, shirt, skirt, thirty
ire/aiə/
fire, hire, tire, wire, admire, desire, require
igh/ai/
bright, fight, light, night, right, high
ign/ain/
sign, assign, design, resign
字母J在单词中的发音
j/dʒ/
injure, jeep, joke, jump, just
字母K在单词中的发音
k/k/
ask, book, cake, desk, joke, kill, park, work
Kn/n/
knee, kneel, knife, knock, know
字母L在单词中的发音
apple, black, clean, flag, hole, leg, nail, place
alf/a:f/, alm/a:m/, alk/ ɔ:k/,
calf, half, calm, chalk, talk
olk/əuk/,olm/əum/
folk, yolk, holm
ould/ud/
could, should, would
ll/l/
bill, call, dull, million, silly, yellow
字母M在单词中的发音
m/m/
arm, camp, gum, lamp, room,map, room, warm
mm/m/
grammar, hammer, summer, swimming
字母N在单词中的发音
bend, enter, fond, noble, pine, spend
nk/ ŋk /, ng/ ŋg/, nx/ŋks/
bank, drink, ink, think
ng/ ŋ g/
anger, angle, English, single, hunger
ng/ ŋ /
bring, hang, king, long, sing, thing
mn/m/
autumn, column, hymn
nn/n/
dinner, funny, sunny, winner
字母O在单词中的发音
o/ əu/
go, no, hope, note, rose, smoke, hotel, both
o\ u:\
do, to, move
o/ʌ/
come, love, some
o/ ɔ /
box, clock, dog, fox, job, shop, wrong
o/ ə/
consider, memory, obey, today, November
o/ ʌ/
come, some, money, none, ton, cover, glove, love, mother, other,one
oa/əu /
boat, coat, goal, road, soap, toast
oa/ ɔ: /
abroad, broad, broadcast
oar/ ɔ:/
board, roar, blackboard, keyboard
oi/ ɔi /
boil, coin, point, soil, noise, choice
oy/ ɔi /
boy, joy
oo/u:/
boot, choose, food, moon, pool, room, tooth, shoot, zoo
oo/u/
book, cook, hook, look, foot, goot, wood, wool
oo/ʌ/
blood, flood
or/ ɔ:/
for, horse, north, short, sport, morning
or/ ə: /
word, work, world
or/ ə /
actor, doctor, mirror, visitor, forget, comfort
ou/ au /
loud, cloud, about, blouse, ground, mountain
ou/ əu /
mould, shoulder
ou/u:/
group, route, soup, you, wound
ou/u/
could, should, would
ou/ ʌ /
country, courage, double, touch, young
ous/əs/
famous, dangerous, nervous
our/ auə /
our, hour, sour, flour
our/ɔ:/
four, your, course, source
our/ ə /
colour, harbour, honour, labour
ow /au /
cow, how, now, down, flower, shower, power
ow/ əu /
flow, grow, know, show, bowl, snow, window
ow/ ɔ /
knowledge, acknowledge
p/p/
cup, map, top, help, pig, open
p//
receipt, cupboard, psychology
ph/f/
graph, photograph, telegraph, geography, orphan, physics
pp/p/
apple, happen, happy, supper, upper
字母q在单词中的发音
q/k/, que/k/
Iraq, cheque, unique, liquor, antique, technique
qu/kw/
quest, question, request, equal, square, quick
字母R在单词中的发音
r/r/
red, rest, rat, read, agree, free, reach, thread
rr/r/
berry, carry, hurry, narrow, arrow
字母S在单词中的发音
star, smile, spring, school, sweet, books, maps, helps
sk/sk/, sp/sp/, sq/sk/, st/st/
ask, desk, grasp, cast, list, rest, mosquito
s/z/
gosling, husband, wisdom, cosmetic, girls, rooms, begs
sia/ ʃə/
Asia, Asian, Persia
sion, ssion/ ʃə n/, sure, ssure/ ʃuə /
version, mansion, ensure,extension, fassion, Russia, Russian,issure, pressure
sion/ ʒən /,sure/ʒə/
measure, pleasure, television, occasion
sh/ ʃ /
dish, brush, wash, she, ship, shell
ss/s/
lesson, possible, assist, message
字母t在单词中的发音
t/t/
bat, cat, east, west, best, table, text, teddy, tell, told
t/ʃ/, tial/ʃəl/, tient/ʃən/
essential, potential, patience, patient
t/tʃ/, stion/tʃən/
century, question
t//
listen, often, faster, castle, nestle, whistle, Christmas
tch/ tʃ/
catch, match, watch, Dutch, switch
th/θ/
three, thing, thank, throw, both, cloth, earth, mouth, tooth, nothing, method, birthday, athlete, through, throughout
th/ ð /
with, smooth, this, these, they, then, there, thus, than, the,though, although, bathe, father, mother
tion/ ʃən /
nation, caution, mention, function
tt/t/
letter, matter, bottle, cattle, settle
ture/tʃə/
nature, adventure, future, mixture
字母u在单词中的发音
u/ju:/
use, duty, future, excuse, huge, pupil
u/u:/
blue, rule, june, junior, include
u/ʌ/
bus, cut, dust, just, sun, gun, fun, club, brush
u/u/
bush, full, pull, push
u/ ə /
autumn, column, injury, industry, minimum, support
ui/ju:/
suit, suitable, suitcase
ui/u:/
fruit, juice
ui/i/
build, biscuit, guitar, circuit, guilt
ur/ ə:/
nurse, turkey, hurt, church, burn, suburb
ur/ ə /
Saturday, surprise, survive, murmur, pursue,
ure/juə/
cure, endure, mature, pure, secure
ure/ uə /
sure, insure, assure
ure/ ə /
nature, figure, measure, capture, closure, exposure
uy/ai/
buy, guy
字母V在单词中的发音
v/v/
five, drive, travel, cover
字母W在单词中的发音
w/w/
week, wet, well, winter, win, way, swim, twice, between
wr/r/
write, wrong, wrap, wreck, wrinkle
w//
who, whom, whose, whole, answer, two
wh/w/
what, when, where, which, white, why
字母X在单词中的发音
x/ks/
box, six, text, next, exit
x/gz/
exist, exact, exam, example, exhaust, exhibit
x/ kʃ/
anxious
字母Y在单词中的发音拼读练习
y/j/
yes, year, you, yellow, young
y/ai/
my, sky, fly, cry, try, satisfy
y/i/
any, early, heavy, symbol, system
字母Z在单词中的发音
z/z/
zoo, zero, lazy, size
zz/z/
buzz, jazz, puzzle
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编辑点评:元音字母发音相对较多,常见的也是两三个发音规律,辅音字母发音很少,至多是两个发音,所以大家可以不必担心,只要多读,多练,多看,多写。
26个字母在单词中的发音规律的总结:
知识点复习:
元音字母:a e i(y) o u
辅音字母:就是26个字母中除上面元音字母之外的所有字母。
一、元音字母,在单词中的发音规律
注意,元音字母才5个,再加上一个有时代替i的y(当y起到代替i的作用时,y就不再是辅音字母而是元音字母了,其发音规律与i相同),共5个半,所以要学并不难。
注意,一个英语单词是一定有一个或一个以上元音字母的,甚至可以没有辅音字母,比如单词a和I就是由一个元音字母构成的,因为如果英语单词中没有元音字母,就读不了音,就不会是单词(当然,缩写和简写除外)。
注意,我们先假设:如果元音字母在单词中,它的后面又跟着辅音字母,我们将辅音字母看成是把元音字母关起来的大门,就把这种情况称为:元音字母后面是关门的。比如hat, pen, it, hot, duck。反之,称为:元音字母后面是开门的(详情后叙)。
这样,可以让孩子在遇到新的单词时,把它们想象为元音字母后面分为开门和关门的两种情况。(就是语法中的开音节和闭音节)
如果元音字母后面是开门的,它在单词中的读音就读本音:
a读“诶已”(“诶”要读得重且长,所以加了着重号,“已”要读得轻且短),如:
grade, name, make, plane, cake, date, page, safe, face
e读“义”(长音),如:we, me, be he, she, these
i(y)读“啊已”(“啊”要读得重且长,所以加了着重号,“已”要读得轻且短),如:
hi, rice,time, ride, wife, fly(在单词末y往往代替i), sky, why
o读“饿五”(“饿”要读得重且长,所以加了着重号,“五”要读得轻且短),如:go,
nose, hope, hole
u读“哟”(长音),如:use, excuse, student, duty
那么我们总结一下,什么情况下元音字母后面才算是开门的呢?
从上面的单词中挑选几个,我们把开门的分为两类:
一类是像go, hi, we, 元音字母后面没有任何辅音字母跟着,也就是它们后面根本没有门,是开门的。
第二类是像rice,grade,use这样的单词,在单词rice中,虽然i被后面的辅音字母c给关起来了;在单词grade中,a被后面的辅音字母d给关起来了;在单词use中,u被后面的辅音字母s给关起来了,但是,在这些辅音字母后面都有一个字母e,我们把这个e看成是躲在辅音字母这张门的后面,能够帮前面的元音字母开门,所以这一类单词,也要归为元音字母后面是开门的,所以,单词中间的元音字母也读本音,而词末的字母e,因为它担任着偷偷开门的任务,它不能出声,所以它在单词中是不读音的。
如果元音字母后面是关着门的,也就是被辅音字母关起来了,又没有e来帮忙开门,那么这5个半元音字母在单词中的读音就与本音完全不一样了,就要记住了:
a读“爱”(短音,发此音时,双唇用力往耳朵方向后拉,肌肉是拉紧的,发音完成后才能放松),如map, fat, sad, back, had, catch, hat, bad, glad, black, thank, act
e读“诶”(短音,这个音就是别人叫你的名字,你应答时的发出的声音——家长可查查中文字典。但英文发此音时,双唇要用力往耳朵方向后拉,肌肉是拉紧的,发音完成后才能放松),如get, rest, mend, next, left, then , help, wet, dress, sell spell
i(y)读“已”(短音,“已经”的“已”,但中文的这个字发音时,舌头完全是平的,英文发此音时,舌后根要上抬,唇角稍向后拉紧,发音完成后才能放松),如hit, ill, lift, kill, twin, drink, pick, ship, wind, thin, ship
o读“哦”(短音,“哦,我想起来了”我们经常在说这句话时,一边拍脑袋,一边发出这个音。但注意:英文发此音时,双唇形成的圆形稍大,且双唇放松,下颚拉低下垂,发音完成后下颚才能收回),如clock, sock, shop, dog, cross, cock, bottle, song, strong
u读“啊”(短音,中文发这个音时,双唇是上下张开的,但英语发此音时,双唇微微张开后,唇角要往耳朵方向后拉而不是上下张开,发音完成后才能放松),如but, cut, up, nut, duck, luck, lunch, run
但元音字母还有另一种特殊的情况,就是后面跟着辅音字母r时,读音就不算元音字母后面是关门的了。我们看看r像一棵小树,我们就说当元音字母背靠着小树时,这个元音字母就和r一起只读一个音,这个音读什么呢:
ar 读“啊”(长音,这个有着重号的“啊”发音时与中文发音一样,双唇上下打开,下颚下垂,与前面无着重号的“啊”发音不同),如:far, park, card, party, hard, start, March,
er读“饿”(长音),如:her, termir读“饿”(长音),如:girl, shirt, first, third, bird, dirty
or读“哦”(长音,这个有着重号的“哦”发音时与中文发音一样,双唇形成的圆形很小,且双唇收紧,下颚不必拉低下垂,与前面无着重号的“哦”发音不同),如:short, sport, horse, north, born
ur读“饿”(长音),如:turn, hurt, purple, purse
二、辅音字母:发音规律与元音字母比较却要简单一些。
但也要先明确辅音字母读音分为两大类:清音和浊音:
清音,就是纯粹的气音,就是气经过声带时不与声带发生磨擦,因此发音时,声带不振动。这种音在汉语拼音中是没有的。
浊音,就是气经过声带时与声带发生了磨擦,因而声带振动后发出的声音,就象我们平常说话、唱歌的声音。
元音字母发出的都是浊音。只有部分辅音字母发清音。
怎样让孩子理解和感受声带的振动和不振动呢?
让孩子把几个手指放在下巴的正下方、脖子正中间,嘴形做出要发出“啊”,或者“喝”的形状,但是,首先只是出气,这时,哪怕用很大的力,发出很大的气,手指也不会感觉到脖子里面在动,这样发出的声音就是清音;然后,嘴形保持不变,但发出声音,也就是说出“啊”,或者“喝”,这时,哪怕只用一点点力,根本不必大叫,手指也能感觉到脖子里面
在颤动,这样发出的声音就是浊音。
当孩子学会识别清音和浊音后,就可以学习辅音字母在单词中的发音了。下面我还是用中文字把它们的读音标出来,有差别的,在细微处进行了说明,而且所有的清音,都用囗把读音框起来加以区别:
p读“婆”(清音,读此音时,要去掉该中文字“O”的音),如:play, cup
b读“波”(读此音时,要去掉该中文字“O”的音),如:broom, Bob
t读“特”(清音,读此音时,要去掉该中文字“e”的音),如:take, let
d读“的”,如:desk, bed
k和在元音字母a或o或u前的c读“可”(清音,读此音时,要去掉该中文字“e”的音),
如:kite, bike, class, picture, can, cup, coffee
g读“哥”,如:good, bag
f读“抚”(清音,读此音时,必须上齿放在下唇上,发出清音,发音完成后才松开),如:five, half
ph在单词词首,也读“抚”,如:phone, photo
gh在单词词末,也读“抚”,如:laugh, enough, cough
v读“抚”(中文无此音。读此音时,也必须上齿放在下唇上,但发出浊音,发音完成后才松开),如:very, give
th读“咝”(清音,中文无此音。读此音时,想象一下蛇伸出舌头的样子,但必须上下齿咬住舌尖,发出清音,发音完成后才松开),如:think, thank, three, thirteen
th读“嗞”(中文无此音。读此音时,也必须上下齿咬住舌尖,但发出浊音,发音完成后才松开),如:this, that, with
s和在元音字母e或i或y前的c,读“思”(清音),如:same, sound, house, face, rice, circle, pencil, bicycle
z和在单词词末的s,读“子”(此音的发声方法与“思”相同,但要发出浊音),如:
zero, zebra, zoo, his, has
sh读“史”(清音,卷舌),如:sheep, wish, washroom
s在单词中间有时读“日”(卷舌),如:usually, decision
ch和tch读“耻”(清音,卷舌),如:which, lunch, chair, China, teach, catch, match, watch
j和单词词末的ge,读“纸”(卷舌),如:jeep, Japan, orange, age
tr读“特惹”(两个音连读时要快,前音稍短,后音稍长),如:tree, truck, train, trousers
dr读“的惹”(两个音连读时要快,前音稍短,后音稍长),如:drive, dry, dress, drink
ts读“此”(清音,本来是由“特”和“思”两个音连读而成,其效果像“此”,故标成“此”),如:cats, wants, students, boats
ds读“紫”(本来是由“的”和“子”两个音连读而成,其效果像“紫”,故标成“紫”),如:beds, finds, hands
h读“喝”(清音),如:have, help, he
l后跟着元音字母,读“乐”,如:lake, like, let
l后跟着辅音字母或无元音字母,读“噢”(发此音时,舌尖必须顶住上颚不动,让气流从
舌头两边出来,发音完成后才松开),如:hill, ball, little, apple(这里的e是不读音
的)
m后跟着元音字母,读“么”,如:map, mother, make
m后跟着辅音字母或无元音字母,读“呣”(双唇自然闭合,但不必用力,声音从鼻腔发出),如:game, home
n后跟着元音字母,读“呢”,如:nine, morning, need
n后跟着辅音字母或无元音字母,读“嗯”(双唇自然张开,声音从鼻腔发出),如:pen, ten, nine, run
qu读“苦”(此音本来是由“可”和“舞”两个音连读而成,其效果像“苦”,故标成“苦”),如:quite, queen, quick
r读“惹”,如:read, ride, ripe, rope
w读“舞”,如:we, way, wave
x读“可思”(清音),如:next, exercise, text
x有时也读“哥子”,如:exam, example
y作为辅音字母使用时读“以”,如:yes, year
ng在单词词末,读“鞥”(家长查查字典就知道这个音,也可向孩子这样解释:就是发出中
文字“等”的韵母的音),如:thing, ring, morning
ng在单词词中,读“鞥哥”,如:English
nk读“鞥可”(发“鞥”音的解释同上),如:think, thank
说明:上面列举的辅音字母发音规律,因考虑最好与辅音音标配套,所以加入了一些常见字母组合的发音规律,这样更全面些,也会让孩子在小学高年级学习国际音标时更容易掌握。
总结说明:
1、应该是在孩子听过数遍课文内容后,再接触单词的拼读与拼写,并让孩子在这一过程中来熟悉发音规律。上面总结的内容,以及其它书本上总结的表格,只适宜阶段性归纳总结时让孩子通读,如果每天都拿这些没有语言环境的内容来让孩子操练,孩子会觉得枯燥而不感兴趣的。
2、关于元音的发音,要强调长音(加有着重号)与短音(未加着重号)的区别,否则,孩子就会将sheep和ship读成一个单词(这两个单词发音时,舌头的位置也应该不同),放在句子里表达时就会让人听不懂了。
关于元音的发音,在前面的开音节(也就是开门的)中,出现了“诶已”、“啊已”、“饿五”之类两个连在一起的元音,叫双元音,读时,前面有着重号的要读得重且长一些,后面没有着重号的要读得轻且短一点。
3、关于辅音的发音,要强调清音(加有方框)与浊音(未加方框)的区别,有的孩子总是将清音读成浊音,比如,将quick读成了quicker,同样也会表达出错误的意思。
4、让孩子掌握26个字母在单词中的读音规律,是一个循序渐进的过程,只能慢慢来,每次遇到新的单词时,家长在一旁进行提示孩子进行观察,在经过多次、多个单词的练习后,在不断听、读新的课文后,就会突飞猛进,这时,孩子面对新的单词自己就能读出来,而对于会读的单词,又能按照读音规律轻松地拼写出来。
5、上面列举的尚未包括更多的元音字母组合,元音辅音字母组合,以及双音节和多音节的读音规律,以后有时间再进行归纳、总结。
6、最后一点,也是最重要的一点:以上内容是写给家长参考的,其实在教孩子的过程中,我主要是依靠口语表达来进行提示,让他记住我的读音,并不会把这些汉字标记的音标给孩子看。
举例:我只花了很少的时间跟孩子讲这些虽然系统却很呆板的规律,一般都是在孩子遇到新的单词时,先不教他这个单词怎样读,而是用上面写的相应的内容对他进行提示,让他自己读出这个单词,在带读几遍后,合上书本,让孩子马上拼写出这个单词。
*************************************************************
补充一些读音规律:
元音字母在单词中,在后面关门的情况下,还有一些常见的特殊读音:
a在ny前读“诶”(短音),如:any, many, anyone, anything
a在w或wh后读“哦”(短音,嘴形较大),如:wash, want, watch, what
a在s, ss, st前读“啊”(长音),如:past, fast, glass, pass, class, basket
i在某些单词中读“义”(长音),如:police, machine
o在m, n, v, th前读“啊”(短音),如: love, son, some, mother, other
u在某些单词中读“务”(长音),如:June, ruler
u在不少单词中读“喔”(短音,想象一下公鸡的叫声,但此音与汉语拼音中对“喔”的标音并不一样,应该说是介于“哦”与“务”之间的一个音,口形比“哦”要小,但比“务”要大),如: put, pull, push, full
元音字母后面跟着辅音字母w,也像靠着小树r一样,并不视为后面是关门的,而有其特殊的读音:
aw读“哦”(长音,嘴形较小),如:draw, law
ew读“哟”(长音),如:few, new, newspaper, knew
ew也读“务”(长音), threw, drew, flew, grew
ow读“饿五”,如:slow, blow, show, snow, threw, window, yellow, borrow, tomorrow
ow也读“啊五”, 如now, how, cow, down, brown
元音字母组合在单词中的读音规律:
ea 读“义”(长音),如:team, clean, sea, tea, east, cheap, easy, speak, season, read
ea 读“诶”(短音),如:head, bread, ready, weather, health
ea读“已恶”(“恶心”的“恶”),如: idea, real, really
ea 读“诶已”,如:great, break
ee 读“义”, 如:see, bee, free, sheep, feel, meet, need, green, asleep
ai 读“诶已”,如:train, rain, wait, waiter
ay读“诶已”,如: today, away, stay, may, say, play
ei读“诶已”,如:eight, weight, eighteen
ey读“诶已”,如: they, hey,obey
ou 读“啊五”,如:ground, round, around, out, mouse, blouse
ou 读“啊”(短音),如:young, country, touch, enough, double
ue 读“务”(长音),如:blue, true
oo 读“务”(长音),如:zoo, soon, food(此单词属例外), cool, tooth, noon, fool
oo 在字母k, d前,读“喔”(短音),如:cook, look, took, good, foot(此单词属例外), wood
oa读“饿五”,如:coat, goat, soap, boat
oy 读“哦已”(注意,此中的“哦”不是长音而是短音的“哦”,嘴形较大),如:boy, joy, toy, enjoy
oi读“哦已”(注意,此中的“哦”不是长音而是短音的“哦”,嘴形较大),如:oil, coin, toilet,
ie 读“义”,如:piece, thief, field
ie读“啊已”,如: lie, die, tie
au 读“哦”(长音的“哦,嘴形小),如:autumn, daughter, August
ui 读“务”(长音),如:fruit, juice, suit
元音字母与与辅音字母组合在单词中的读音规律:
air读“诶恶”,如: chair, hair, air, pair, fair
are读“诶恶”,如:care, careful, hare
ere读“诶恶”,如: where, there
ear读“诶恶”,如:wear, pear, bear
ear读“已恶”,如: near, hear, clear, dear, nearly
ear读“饿”(长音),如: early, earth, learn, heard
al 读“哦”(长音的“哦”,嘴形小),如:call, walk, talk, tall, small
al 读“哦噢”(参考前面的关于字母L读“噢”音的解释),如:also, always, already, almost
aw 读“哦”(长音的“哦”,嘴形小),如:draw, law, paw, jaw
ore读“哦”(长音的“哦”,嘴形小),如: before, more, score
oor读“哦”(长音的“哦”,嘴形小),如: door, floor
our读“哦”(长音的“哦”,嘴形小),如: four, fourth, course, pour
our读“啊五恶”,如: hour, our
ow读“饿五”,如: slow, blow, show, snow, throw, window, yellow, borrow, tomorrow
ow “啊五”,如:now, how, cow, down, brown
ew读“哟”,如: few, knew, news, newspaper
ew读“务”,如: threw, drew, flew, grew
tion读“审”,如: station, action, operation, dictionary
dge 读“纸”,如:bridge, fridge, judge
igh读“啊已”,如: light, right, night, bright, high, fight
ough读“哦”(长音的“哦”,嘴形小),如: bought, brought, thought
augh读“哦”(长音的“哦”,嘴形小),如: daughter, taught, caught
ind读“啊已嗯的”,如: kind, find, mind, behind
old读“饿五噢的”,如: old, cold, told, sold, hold
发表时间:2012-04-22内容来源:VOA英语学习网
英文字母发音规则 一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
元音字母 读 音 例 词
a 在开音节中 [ei] name plane Jane baby cake
在闭音节中 [æ] bag dad hat map black back
e 在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese
在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg
i 在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite
在闭音节中 fish big drink sit milk swim
o 在开音节中 [ou] those close go hoe home no
在闭音节中 [C] clock not box shop sock
u 在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday
在闭音节中 [Λ] bus cup jump much lunch
在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super
二、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
元音字母 读 音 例 词
a在[w]音后面 [C] want what watch wash quality
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [α:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father
i在-nd -ld和gh前 [ai] find child light high
o在-st -ld前 [ou] most postcard old cold
o在m n v th前 [Λ] come monkey love mother
三、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母 读 音 例 词
a [E]E China another woman breakfast
orange comrade village cabbage
e [E] hundred student open weekend
chicken pocket begin children
i [E]/ holiday beautiful family animal
[ai] exercise satellite
o [E] second tonight somebody welcome
[Eu] also zero photo
u [E] autumn difficult
[ju:] popular congratulation January
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operate
u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue
在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[E]音,也可以读作音。
四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读 音 例 词
arar在[w]音后面 [α:] car farm dark sharpener
[C:] warm quarter towards
oror在[w]音后面 [C:] forty morning short
[E:] word worker worse
er ir ur [E:] certainly bird Thursday
辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如: carry sorry hurry
-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[E]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday
五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读 音 例 词
are [εE] care dare hare
ere [iE] here mere
ire [aiE] fire hire wire
ore [C:] more score before
ure [juE] pure cure
are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[E]音,例如:picture pleasure
重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母Rr读[r]音。例如:parent zero story during inspiring www.ryedu.net
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如:orange very American paragraph
六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读 音 例 词
ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play
air [εE] air hair chair pair repair
alal在f m前 [C] small ball talk wall all
[C:l] always also salt almost
[α:] half calm
au/aw [C:] autumn daughter draw
ea [i:] teach easy cheap please
[e] heavy bread sweater weather
[ei] break great
ear [iE] hear dear near clear year
[εE] bear pear wear swear
[E:] earth learn early
ee [i:] jeep week green three
eer [iE] pioneer deer beer
ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they
[i:] either key
eu/ew在j l r s后 [ju:] new few newspaper
[u:] flew brew jewelry
ie/ei[s]音之后 [i:] piece field receive
oa [ou] coat Joan boat goal
oar/oor [C:] roar board door floor
oi/oy [Ci] noise point boy toilet
oo [u:] broom food tooth school
book look cook foot good
ou/ow [au] flower house count down
[ou] know row throw though
[Λ] young country enough
[u:] group you soup
our [C:] course your four
[auE] our hour ours
[E:] journey
ui在j l r s后 [ju:i] fluid suicide tuition
[u:] juice fruit suit
七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
元音字组或字群 读 音 例 词
ai/ay ei/ey Sunday foreign monkey
ow [ou] yellow sparrow tomorrow
元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或。例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee
-sion -tion [Fn] impression nation
-sion在元音字母后 [Vn] vision decision occasion
-tion在s后 [tFEn] question suggestion
-sten [sn] listen
-stle [sl] whistle
-sure [VE] pleasure measure
-ture [tFE] picture culture
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