二、廉价劳动力和弊或劣势。

（一）、什么是廉价劳动力？

廉价劳动力就是廉价的人力资源，就是劳动者得到的报酬比他们应得的少，他们的工作强度、工作时间、工作类别等在劳动过程中所创造的劳动价值超过他们得到的劳动报酬。

（二）、廉价劳动力在社会发展的体系上所带来的弊端：

1、廉价劳动力的基本生存权。对廉价劳动力来说，是对人力资源的粗使践用，是竭泽而渔，是漠视和偏离了整个社会发展的价值目标，是对劳动力最基本的生存权、劳动者再生产权的无情压制，是对廉价劳动者最基本尊严的伤害。

2、廉价劳动力的弱势。随着我国经济的发展，长期以来被我们作为“优势”之一的“劳动力廉价”的状况现已经有了初步的改变，从我国可持续发展的角度考虑，我们不宜长期将“廉价劳动力”作为我们的“优势”。因为这既不符合我们党执政为民的宗旨和建设社会主义发展的目标，也不利于我国改变发展出口贸易的方式，更有效地利用外贸、优化我国产业结构和促进我国经济发展。所以，我们需要改变传统观念，宜将提高劳动者收入列入各地经济发展规划，同时还要加大教育投入和劳动者的培训，加强他们的做从业技能和就业职能。

3、农村劳动力的转移。在2006年中国经济高峰会上，有一位教授向国人发言：未来三至五年内，中国劳动力成本可能上升30%--50%，从而未来不能够在国际上象过去那样靠成本优势获得竞争力，中国农村劳动力可能没有办法转移出来，而且已转移出来的劳动力可能面临继续回到农村。

（三）、廉价劳动力对社会经济价值而言是不公平的。

1、我国廉价劳动力价格并非市场经济作用的结果，而是一种人为的制度造成的。从某种意义上来说，也是与某些带有霸气的经济“老板们”的主观意识造成的。长期以来，我国的劳动力被当作一种纯粹的廉价的自然资源在使用，将人力资源打压至简单再生产的底线，这就象一个工厂不提折旧费一样荒谬。如劳动者的体能消耗和岁月的磨损、压低职工工资、加大劳动强度、延长工作时间、避开社会保险、减少环境投入、忽悠培训责任等，甚至还有订单一少或经济吃紧就会裁员。这样就会迫使大量的廉价劳动力从中解放出来，另寻出路，另谋生活。从而也会产生某些企业的人员荒饥，职工稀缺，劳力出流等。

2、有研究表明，廉价劳动力这个“成本优势”，却对劳动力的廉价经济有着劳动价值的伤害。对所谓的劳动力优势，若以生产率因素加于考察，在某些领域上也是一种“泡沫优势”。而且一些难以预料的变数也随时可能出现，这也在一定程度上影响着经济的发展。

3、廉价劳动力与劳酬的不公。由于受旧管理体制和价格制度等的制约，不同职业，不同单位，不同行业，不同地区之间缺乏平等的竞争规则和竞争环境，劳动者在竞争中缺乏同等的机遇和待遇，这种情况很容易造成劳酬不符，劳酬不公。有些需要较少知识和技能的简单劳动获得高的收入，而有些需要较多知识和经验的复杂劳动却得不到应有的报酬。由此而形成的收入差距，显然是不合理的，不公平的。

4、廉价劳动力的不足。在改革旧体制和探索完善新体制的过程中，双重体制的存在和一些改革政策措施还不完善，不配套，使少数人有空子可钻，从而对收入分配调控的力度也明显不足。这样就会产生相当一部分人加入到廉价劳动力这个大群体中。

5、廉价劳动力的低收入影响到工作的质量：

（1）、廉价劳动力的工资低，影响到劳动者的工作思想。如拿多少钱干多少事的思想。

（2）、劳动力的廉价，影响到工作质量的提高，不利于主人翁思想。如反正工资，企业单位的发展与我何干的思想。

（3）、劳动力的廉价，淹没了劳动者的主动性和创造性的精神。如廉价的劳动力无暇于创造，无及于主动的思想。

（四）、劳动力的廉价吸引了大量海外的不良思想。

随着科学技术的不断发展，中国加入了WTO，一方面加快了中国经济的飞速发展，另一方面越来越多的外国企业和投资商来中国投资。因为中国的廉价劳动力而进驻中国来发展他们的事业。这样也给中国的现代化建设带来了一定的劣势和弊端。如拜金主义的苛求、

向钱看思想的萌发、道德伦理的色变、糖衣炮弹的滋长、人文思想的腐蚀等。

三、总结

我国拥有世界上最丰富的劳动力资源，一方面给中国的经济发展起到了很大的促进作用，许多外资投商者被吸引到中国投资，增加了广阔的就业窗口；一些新兴第三产业也在不断增多，为劳动者提供了宽阔的就业信息等等。这样的话，就加强了技术、科学、管理、文化、教育等的创新。低成本劳动力提供了更多地公共产品，促进国民经济和社会的良好运行，加快了提升诚信水平。另一方面，廉价劳动力如果自身没有技术，没有资本，完全凭借自己的力气挣钱，以眼下的薪酬水平而论，可能很难升值。

The Disadvantages of Cheap Labor

Ⅰ What is Cheap Labor?

Cheap labor is cheap human resources which also refers to that workers receive less wages than what they deserve. The value created by their working intensity, working hours and job categories greatly surpasses their remuneration.

Ⅱ The negative influence of cheap labor on the development of social system

1, Cheap labor's basic right to life: Cheap labor is inappropriate use of human resources, which means to kill the goose that lays the golden eggs. It is also ignorance and departure from the value of the entire social development direction, the ruthless suppression of workers’ basic right to life and their renewable property rights which damages their most basic dignity as well.

2, Vulnerability of cheap labor: As China’s economy develops the situation of “Cheap Labor” as one of “superiorities” has been changed. Considering China's sustainable development, we should not always regard "cheap labor" as our "superiority" as it breaches the aim of our Party’s exercising the state power in the interest of the people and the construction of socialist development. Besides, it is not helpful for our country to transfer and develop our export trading way and use foreign trade more effectively to optimize China’s industrial structure and promote our economic development. Therefore, we need to change our traditional concepts and consider the improvement of the workers’ income as one part of the local economic development planning. Meanwhile, we should increase the educational and training investment to enhance their vocational skills.

3, The transfer of rural labor force: In 2006 China Economic Summit, a professor put that in the next 3 to 5 years, China's labor costs may rise 30% - 50% so that we can not gain competitiveness as in the past relying on cost advantages in the future international community. So China's rural labor force may not be transferred out, but the transferred may also be returned back to rural areas again.

Ⅲ Cheap labor in terms of socio-economic value is unfair.

1, China's cheap labor price is not the result of the market economy, but a result of man-made system. To some extent, it is also caused by the subjective consciousness of some economic aggressive "bosses”. For a long time, China's labor was taken for granted as purely natural resources and human resources is suppressed to the bottom line of simple reproduction, which is as ridiculous as factory’s ignorance of depreciation costs which includes the workers physical consumption, the lowered wages for workers, increased labor intensity, extension of working hours, Avoidance of social insurance, reduction of environmental investments, Perfunctory of training responsibilities, even the layoffs when the economy is tight with small orders. This will force a large number of cheap labors to be liberated and to find another way for living so that there will be some staff shortage and labor flow out in some enterprises.

2, Research has shown that the "cost advantage” of cheap labor damages the labor value of the cheap labor economy. If inspected in terms of productivity factors, the so-called labor advantages are "bubble advantages" in some areas. Furthermore, a number of unpredictable variables may arise at any time, which influences the economic development to some extent.

3, The Cheap labor force and unfairness of remuneration for labor: Because of the restriction of the old management and price system, there is lack of fair competition rules and environment between different occupations, departments, businesses and regions. The labors share no fair opportunities and treatments in competitions. As a result, it is easy to cause the problem of unmatched and unfair labor remuneration. Some people on simple occupations which require fewer skills and knowledge have high income, while some people who do complicated jobs which need more knowledge and experience have no proper salary, which formed the unreasonable and unfair income gap.

4, The shortage of cheap labor force. In the process of reform of the old system and exploration of new sound system, the existence of dual system and the imperfection of some reform policies and measures make a small number of people avail loopholes so that the intensity control of the distribution of income is significantly inadequate. As a result, a large number of people will be forced to join the cheap labor group.

5, The affection of work quality by low-income of Cheap labor:

(1), The low-income of cheap labor influences workers’ mind on job, such as how much they should be paid for what they have done.

(2), The cheap labor influences the improvement of work quality and it is unfavorable for the mind of being the host, such as the thought that the given salary and company development have nothing to do with the employee.

(3), The cheap labor force destroys labors’ activity and creativity, such as the cheap labor is disadvantageous for innovation and enthusiasm.

Ⅳ Cheap labor attracts lots of unhealthy thought overseas

As the continuous development of science and technology and China’s accession to WTO, China’s economy has been developed rapidly and more and more foreign enterprises and investors are attracted to China. They want to promote their business through China’s cheap labor. However, this situation has caused many disadvantages for China’s construction of modernization, such as the demanding money worship, money-oriented thought, the moral and ethical loss, the growth of sugar-coated bullets, and the corrosion of Humanistic ideas.

Conclusion:

China has the richest labor resources in the world which has largely accelerated the economic development. Many foreign investors are attracted to China, which provides a lot of working opportunities. Meanwhile, some new-started tertiary industries are also constantly appeared and provide large amount of employment information for the labor. As a result, the innovation of science technology management culture and education has been intensified. Low cost labor provides more public products, promotes the operation of national economy and society and accelerates the upgrade of the level of integrity. Besides, it is difficult for the appreciation of cheap labor if people have no techniques and assets and make money by their physical efforts absolutely under the current salary.