浅析one/ones的替代用法 我们在日常的英语阅读，教学和考试中，会经常遇到代词one/ones.但由于其使用规则较多，许多人在使用时往往会一不小心而犯下某点错误.我们就one/ones的替代用法作了一个总结，其使用规则如下： 一，one通常可用来替代上文中出现的可数名词或以可数名词为中心的整个名词词组，即可指人，也可指物。如： The speed of the new machine is much greater than that of the old one. There were an old man and a young one there. 二，one的复数形式是ones,只能替代复数可数名词.如： Japan has four big islands and many small ones. The children who do best in examinations are not always the ones with the best brains. 三，1，one/ones和它们替代的名词（或名词词组的中心词）的“数”可以不一致.如：I’d prefer the large bottle to the small ones. These new designs are much better than the old one. 2,one/ones和它们所替代的名词以及名词词组的中心词在句法功能上可以不一致.如：Have you seen any knives? The yellow one is mine. Some of your answers are correct, but I don’t know the other ones. 四，one/ones通常带有修饰语，特别是带有限定词和形容词等前置修饰语.如： When we admit his good points, we can see his bad ones. ------Which one would you like best? ------That one. 注意，不定冠词，名词所有格及形容词性物主代词一般不用在代词one/ones前面。如果这类限定词之后跟有形容词或其他修饰语，则能与替代词one/ones搭配。如： ------Have you a watch? ------Yes, I have a good one.(不能说：I have a one.) My bike hasn’t been repaired yet. You can borrow his new one.(不能说：You can borrow his one.) 五，在both和own之后通常不用one/ones.如： Do you rent the house or is it your own?(不能说：you own one.) ------Would you like the blue cover or the black one? ------I like both.(不能说：both ones.) 含有序数词的名词词组不可用one/ones代替. 如： As we have finished the first chapter of the book, now we’ll read the second.(不说：the second one) 在基数词以及some, many, several等单词之后通常不用one/ones.若它们后面跟了形容则能与它们搭配.如： You have three brothers. I have only two. (不说：I have only two ones.) 六，当两个形容词用于互相对照的场合时，不可用one/ones替代. 如： The right hand is clean, and so is the left.(不能说：and so is the left one.) Don’t praise the younger child in the presence of the elder.(不能说：the elder one) 七，在too…to…,such…as…结构中可以 用a one形式. 如： The subject is too vast a one to be treated in an essay of this length. This book is such a one as is needed by every student of English. 另外，a one 还可作其它意义解释。如： He is a one. 他这人真怪。 He is a one for football.他是个足球迷。 八,代词one如果不带任何前置修饰语，其所替代的对象便不是名词词组的中心词，而是整个名词词组，其意义通常是泛指。如： I have not a typewriter, and I want to buy one.(=a typewriter) The question revolution is one(=a question) of state power. 上述代词one是泛指同类事物中的任何一个，相当于不定冠词，因此没有复数形式。若要泛指复数的事物，只能用some. (不能用ones)如： Here are a few apples. Would you like some? (不能说：Would you like ones?) 九，代词one/ones所带的修饰语可以前置，也可以后置。前置修饰语一般是限定词和形容词，通常带有重音表示对比含义。当one/ones带有后置修饰语时，它们前面总有定冠词。形容词词组，分词短语，副词，介词词组，定语从句皆可充当后置修饰语。如： I’m looking for a flat. I’d really like the one with a garden. This picture was just like the one we had seen the other day. I don’t like this model plane. Can you give me the one made by your brother? 十，在下列情况下，代词one/ones可以省略： 1, 当one/ones的修饰语为this/these, that/those, either, neither, another, the last, the next, which等限定词时。如： There are two apples on the table. Which (one) do you like ,this one or that(one)? 2，当one/ones的前面有定冠词以及和上下文形成对比的形容词时。如： I prefer the large bottle to the small （one）。 There are bad architects as well as good(ones). 注意：若形容词在不定冠词之后，则one/ones不可省略。如： I prefer the large bottle to a small one.(此处的 one 不可省) 3,当one/ones之前带上定冠词和形容词的比较级和最高级时。如： There were two sorts of dictionaries in the book—store. He only bought the cheaper(one). Henry said that his hunting dog was the fastest(one) among the three.