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    2019-2020学年韶关市始兴中学高三英语期末考试试题及答案解析-

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    2019-2020学年韶关市始兴中学高三英语期末考试试题及答案解析
    第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分40分）
    第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
    阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
    A
    Design a science holiday to win a science holiday
    Is there a scientific holiday,tour,vacation or experience in your list that you dream of making a reality? We might just be able to help with that! We are the crowd sourcing thoughts and suggestions onnew tours,and the winner will receive two free places on their tour when it's launched. Starting entries 1st May 2020 Deadline 31st August 2020 ENTER NOW
    ---Write a brief description of your ideal science holiday,tour,vacation or experience.
    ---No matter how big or small,we are looking for brilliant, unique thoughts.It can be a complex multi-location overseas holiday tour,a weekend away deep-diving,or a simple walking tour(and everything in between.
    ---Our current tours are mainly individual-focused but we would love to hear ideas for families and schools. ---Creations that have environmentally friendly themes and a low carbon impact are also welcome.
    ---Your entry can be as simple as a great title but writing more specifies will improve the possibility of walking off with the prize.
    ---The competition doesn't close by September,2020,so plenty of time to brainstorm your entry.
    ---We will launch the best idea in late 2020 or at the beginning of 2021. The winner will receive the award once the result is published.
    If you want to submit more than 3,999 words,include photos/maps with your entry, or submit multiple entries then send it to tours @ newscientist.com. The competition guidelines and other related information are available at newscientist.com.
    1. When will the winner probably be announced? A. In August,2020. B. In September,2020. C. In January,2021. D. In May,2021. 2. What kind of entries might be more likely to win? A. Those producing a low carbon impact.

    B. Those with a long and unique title. C. Those providing detailed information. D. Those for individual-focused tours. 3. What is the purpose of this text? A. To give guidance on a competition. B. To advertise a science holiday. C. To inspire creativity in teenagers. D. To collect the ideas for tours.
    B
    Over 180 teenage girls from LixianCounty No. 1 Middle School in Longnan city, Gansu province, listened carefully to a lecture about neuroscience (神经科学. It was delivered by a director of the experimental surgery department at The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Air Force Medical University in Xi’an.
    The students also joined a science class to make paper rockets to launch into the sky. A plastic bottle was connected with a long pipe joined to the end of the rocket, and students stepped heavily on the middle of the bottle so hard that the air pressure shot the rocket upward.
    The program started in 2016 as a one-week summer camp in Beijing that invited female students to take science courses and to interact with women in science. It aims to stir (激发 an interest in science and technology among female students.
    “I’m excited to take the opportunity because it’s been my biggest wish to popularize science among students. They can broaden their eyes and hopefully some of them will devote themselves to the field of neuroscience,” the director says. “It’s necessary to bring more of these activities on campus. I’m willing to communicate with teenagers, some of whom ask deep and thoughtful questions that I would never think of.”
    The key to science popularization is to imbue (灌输 others with the spirit of science. Some scientific and technological workers have devoted themselves to a job in a certain field and they enjoy the pleasure of scientific research. Female Chinese scientific and technological workers sometimes have to double their efforts to receive the same treatment or recognition as those male scientific workers. However, after years of continued effort, the situation will improve, showing the increasing number of female scientists in China. 4. What is the purpose of the program? A. To praise the efforts of women scientists. B. To find out how much girls love science.

    C. To develop interest in science among girls. D. To show love for students in Western China. 5. How does the director think of the program?
    A. Important. B. Challenging. C. Confusing. D. Serious. 6. What is the most important in science popularization? A. Enjoying the fun of scientific research. B. Filling people with the spirit of science. C. Holding more scientific activities on campus. D. Forcing students to choose scientific subjects. 7. What can we learn from the text?
    A. One can go anywhere if he/she learns science well. B. People have a stronger sense of science than before. C. Male scientists are much easily recognized than female ones. D. Thedirector graduated from Lixian County No. 1 Middle School.
    C
    You run into the grocery store to quickly pick up your item. You grab what you need and head to the front of the store. After quickly sizing up the check-out lines, you choose the one that looks fastest. You chose wrong. People getting in other lines long after you have already checked out and headed to the parking lot. Why does this seem to always happen to you?
    Well, as it turns out, it's just math that is working against you. A grocery store tries to have enough employees at the checkout lines to get all their customers through with minimum delay. But sometimes, like on a Sunday afternoon, they get super busy. Because most grocery stores don't have the physical space to add more checkout lines, their system becomes overburdened. Some small interruption — a price check, a particularly talkative customer — will have downstream effects, holding up the entire line behind them.
    If there are three lines at the store, these delays will happen randomly at different registers (收银台. Think about the probability. The chances of your line being that fastest one are only one in three, which means you have a two-thirds chance of not being in the fastest line. So it's not just in your mind: Another line is probably moving faster thanyours.
    Now, mathematicians have come up with a good solution, which they call queuing theory, to this problem: Just make all customers stand in one long snaking line, called a serpentine line, and serve each person at the front
    with the next available register. With three registers, this method is about three times faster on average than the more traditional approach. This is what they do at most banks, Trader Joe's, and some fast-food places. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow everyone down a little bit.
    8. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph? A. Queuing in a line. B. A shopping experience. C. A rush in the morning. D. Cutting in a line. 9. According to the article, what may cause delays in checking out? A. The lack of employees in the grocery store. B. Some unexpected delays of certain customers. C. The increasing items bought by customers. D. A worsening shopping system of the store. 10. What is the solution given by mathematicians? A. Employing more workers for checking out. B. Limiting the number of queuing people. C. Making only one line available. D. Always standing in the same line.
    11. What's the principle behind the queuing theory? A. To pursue the maximum benefit. B. To leave success or failure to luck. C. To avoid the minimum loss.
    D. To spread the risk equally among everyone.
    D
    Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
    Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
    In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of
    a different color1 or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
    A study recently published bySciencefound that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: ly not.
    Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力, and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
    12. Whatdoes the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club? A. They're unfair. B. They're conservative. C. They're objective. D. They're strict. 13. What can we infer about girls from the study inScience? A. They think themselves smart. B. They look up to great thinkers.
    C. They see gender differences earlier than boys. D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs 14. Why are more geniuses known to the public? A. Improved global communication. B. Less discrimination against women. C.Acceptance of victors' concepts. D. Changes in people's social positions. 15. What is the best title for the text?
    A. Geniuses Think Alike B. Genius Takes Many Forms C. Genius and Intelligence D. Genius and Luck 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
    阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项
    When you think of life skills, youtypically think of things like cooking or fixing broken objects. These sorts of
    skills help regulate the environment around you.____16____In other words, there are skills you can learn to help manage difficult emotions.
    Take responsibility
    When I wasa child, I often accused my brother of making me mad. My mom was quick to correct me. “He can’t make you mad,’’ she would say. “He just does things, and you choose how your espond.’’ Although people sometimes try to annoy us, each of us is responsible for our own reaction. We can choose how we interpret the actions of others and whether we will act on how we feel.____17____Fear, for example, is a common feeling that can sometimes cause trouble. Learning to do things that we’re afraid of is an important part of becoming mature.
    ____18____.
    On the other hand, we also don’t have direct control over our feelings. If we’re sad, we can’t suddenly decide to be happy and create positive feelings using pure willpower.____19____These thoughts and actions will eventually guide our emotions. Choosing to smile even if you don’t feel happy can create happy feelings. Concentrating on good things in life works the same way.
    Recognize others’ feelings
    Another set of skills related to emotions involves recognizing other people’s feelings. Just as other people can’t force us to feel things, we also can’t control what others feel.____20____This involves reading their facial expressions. But it’s also helpful to think about how we would feel in the other person’s circumstances. If we know how other people feel, we will be better able to help them handle their feelings.
    Feelings can be difficult to handle, so managing them is an important life skill. A. Guide our feelings B. Concentrate on good things
    C. And we should learn to control our feelings. D. This also applies to other emotions besides anger. E. But it can be helpful to recognize other people’s emotions. F. Instead, we have to change what we think about and how we act.
    G. But skills that help regulate what’s going on inside of you are equally important.
    第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
    第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
    阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
    Draper, the owner of a secondhand bookstore,was sorting through a pile of old books when an envelop fell from one. Inside was an undated____21____and a faded photo of a woman holding a little girl on her lap. The
    letter said if Bethany was____22____it, it meant the author had died.
    Tears were welling up in Draper’s eyes. These were a____23____woman’s last words to her child. He had to____24____Bethany. “Whoever it is will____25____this,” he thought. “You wouldn’t____26____a letter like that.”
    He supposed if the____27____ended up in his shop then Bethany was likely from around Bishop Auckland. And he thought he____28____recognized the little girl’s face. Even if she’d since left the area, there might be someone in town who would recognize the____29____.
    He started with the local newspaper. The Northern Echo ran the story of the_____30_____letter.
    _____31_____, Bethany Gash, now 21 and a(n_____32_____herself, was on Facebook about 10 miles away when a close friend messaged her to check out the_____33_____. As she read her mother’s_____34_____, which she thought had been lost forever, she said she thought she must be_____35_____.
    Gash was only 4 when her mother_____36_____. Five years later, her family moved to a new home and the letter, put away in the pages of a book for safe keeping, was unintentionally_____37_____.
    She remembers unpacking and looking for the letter, and then_____38_____searching through everything in hopes that it was there. “That’s when I realized it was_____39_____gone by now and I’d never see it again,” she said.
    Draper_____40_____the letter in person. He also brought her a children’s book for her son. Gash was greatly moved to have the letter back, and also touched by the stranger’s kindness.
    21. A. message B. email C. postcard D. letter 22. A. reading B. destroying C. forgetting D. copying 23. A. determined B. kind C. selfish D. dying 24. A. find B. introduce C. phone D. comfort 25. A. understand B. avoid C. want D. like
    26. A. tear open B. cut up C. throw away D. pull out 27. A. girl B. book C. reporter D. news
    28. A. hardly B. actually C. unfortunately D. accidentally 29. A. author B. teacher C. picture D. stranger 30. A. lost B. valuable C. wet D. broken
    31. A. Meanwhile B. Therefore C. However D. Eventually 32. A. editor B. mother C. daughter D. assistant

    33. A. ticket B. magazine C. article D. homework 34. A. vocabularies B. terms C. languages D. words 35. A. writing B. joking C. playing D. dreaming
    36. A. came back B. passed away C. died out D. calmed down 37. A. donated B. burned C. dirtied D. robbed 38. A. secretly B. suddenly C. madly D. regularly 39. A. almost B. never C. still D. long
    40. A. kept B. delivered C. composed D. published 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
    阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
    The English word “dinner” used to refer to breakfast. It comes from the Old French word “disnar”,___41.___in fact means “breakfast”.
    So___42.___did this word come to have a different meaning?___43.___(tradition, dinner (what we now refer to as breakfast was the first meal of the day, eaten around noon. It also happened to be the___44.___(big meal of the day, with a lighter meal coming later___45.___(know as supper.
    Today many people find___46.___strange that the biggest meal of the day once centered around noon,___47.___it made great sense at that time. Artificial lighting such as oil lamps and candles were expensive, and provided weak light at best. So people went to sleep at sundown, because it’s difficult___48.___(work and eat in the dark. The last meal of the day was a rushed affair, a quick snack before the lights went out.
    Eventually, more meals___49.___(add to the day. This meant that people were eating smaller meals before the bigger meal. So the word that once____50.____(refer to our first meal, now refers to our last. However, it is true that in many Western cultures dinner still remains the biggest meal of the day. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节短文改错（满分10分）
    51.每句一个错误，错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧,并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
    修改：在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 One of the quality that a good friend should have is honesty.
    At about 3:00 am in July 28 1976, some people saw bright lights in the sky. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too frightening to eat.

    Two third of the people were died or injured during the earthquake.
    The army organized teams to dig out those who were trap, and bury the dead. We will look after the children who parents lost their lives in the big earthquake. It seems as if the world was at the end.
    Norman Bethune worked selfish in China as a doctor during World War II.
    Why did Nelson Mandela turn to for violence to make black and white people equal? Never before in history a city been so completely destroyed. 第二节书面表达（满分25分）
    52.阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
    On a bright, warm July afternoon, Mac Hollan, a primary school teacher, was cycling from his home to Alaska with his friends. One of his friends had stopped to make a bicycle repair, but they had encouraged Mac to carry on, and they would catch up with him soon. As Mac pedaled (骑行 along alone, he thought fondly of his wife and two young daughters at home. He hoped to show them this beautiful place someday.
    Then Mac heard quick and loud breathing behind him. “Man, that's a big dog!” he thought. But when he looked to the side, he saw instantly that it wasn’t a dog at all, but a wolf, quickly catching up with him.
    Mac’s heart jumped. He found out his can of hear spray. With one hand on the bars, he fired the spray at the wolf. A bright red cloud enveloped the animal, and to Mac's relief, it fell back, shaking its head. But a minute later, it was by his side again. Then it attacked the back of Mac's bike, tearing open his tent bag. He fired at the wolf a second time, and again, it fell back only to quickly restart the chase (追赶.
    Mac was pedaling hard now. He waved and yelled at passing cars but was careful not to slow down. He saw a steep uphill climb before him. He knew that once he hit the hill, he’d be easy caught up and the wolf’s teeth would be tearing into his flesh.
    At this moment, Paul and Becky were driving their car on their way to Alaska. They didn’t think much of it when they saw two cyclists repairing their bike on the side of the road. A bit later, they spotted what they, too, assumed was a dog running alongside a man on a bike. As they got closer, they realized that the dog was a wolf. Mac heard a large vehicle behind him. He pulled in front of it as the wolf was catching up fast, just a dozen yards away now.
    注意:
    1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
    2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头已为你写好；

    Paragraph 1:
    The car abruptly stopped in front of him.
    _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2:
    A few minutes later, the other two cyclists arrived.
    _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    参考答案
    1. C 2. C 3. D

    4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C

    8. A 9. B 10. C 11. D

    12. A 13. D 14. A 15. B

    16. G 17. D 18. A 19. F 20. E

    21. D 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. C 27. B 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. D 36. B 37. A 38. C 39. D 40. B

    41. which

    42. how 43. Traditionally 44. biggest

    45. known 46. it 47. but 48. to work 49. were added 50. referred

    51.(1. quality→qualities

    (2. in→on (3. frightening→frightened (4. third→thirds (5. trap→trapped (6. who→whose

    (7. the→an (8. selfish→selflessly (9. 去掉for (10. history后加has 【51题详解】
    考查名词。句意：一个好朋友应该具备的品质之一就是诚实。“one of……”，后接可数名词复数，表示……中的一个。故将quality改为qualities。

    【52题详解】
    考查介词。句意：1976年7月28日凌晨3点左右，一些人看到天空中出现了明亮的光。英语中表示时间的介词on+具体某日/星期几，表示某一具体的时间(常表达某一天，in后一般加一段时间，年，月，四季等。故将in改为on。 【53题详解】
    考查形容词。句意：在农家院子里，鸡甚至猪都被吓得吃不下东西。frightened感到害怕的；frightening令人害怕的，指事情是令人恐惧的。根据句子意思可知，这里鸡和猪是感到害怕的，而不是鸡和猪是令人害怕的。故将frightening改为frightened。 【54题详解】 考查数词。句意：三分之二的人在地震中死亡或受伤。英语中表示几分之几，分子用基数词one two three……表示，分母用序数词second third fourth……表示，当分子大于1时，分母加-s。故将third改为thirds。 【55题详解】
    考查动词。句意：军队组队挖出被困人员，埋葬死者。trap为动词，“设圈套,陷入(困境，捕捉”，分析句子可知，在定语从句those who were trap中，先行词those与谓语动词trap之间是被动关系，因此要用被动语态，be +及物动词的过去分词形式。故将trap改为trapped。 【56题详解】
    考查定语从句关系词。句意：我们会照顾在大地震中失去父母的孩子。本句为定语从句，先行词the children与从句中parents是所属关系，表示孩子们的父母，关系词在从句中作定语，用关系代词whose。故将who改为whose。 【57题详解】
    考查固定短语。句意：仿佛世界到了尽头。at the end使用时后面常跟介词of，at the end of在……的最后，通常指某一发展过程的最终结束。at an end用于句尾，搭配be动词使用，表示结束。故将the改为an。 【58题详解】
    考查副词。句意：二战期间，诺曼·白求恩作为医生在中国无私地工作。分析可知，白求恩医生是无私的，selfish是自私的意思，应该用它的反义词“无私”，分析句子，此处用副词修饰work这一动作。故将selfish改为selflessly。 【59题详解】
    考查固定短语。句意：为什么纳尔逊·曼德拉求助于暴力以使黑人和白人平等？ turn to sb/sth.求助于......,向......求教，转向等。介词to后直接跟名词、代词、动名词等。故将for去掉。 【60题详解】
    考查倒装句。句意：历史上从来没有一座城市被如此彻底地摧毁。英语中，never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere 等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首时，则其后要用部分倒装，将助动词提到主语前，分析句子可知，时态为现在完成时，形式是have/has + 过去分词，主语a city是单数，谓语动词用单数。故将history后加has 52.略

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