2019高考英语考前冲刺精选:阅读理解(4)
A
Haikou:AsharkwaskilledafterbeingdraggedtoshoreatYa-longBerthbeachinSanya,SouthChina'sHainanProvince,onSundayafternoon.
Itwasthefirsttimeasharkhadbeencaughtinthebeacharea,apopulartouristsiteinHainan.
Localfishermensaidtheycaughtthe3-meter-long,1-tonsharkbychancewhentheywerefishinginseawater1,000me-tresdeepnearthebeach.
Policetemporarily(暂时的)protectedthesharkwhileoceanographersdecidedwhetheritwasaspeciesbelongingtoStateprotection.
FishermenlaterkilledandsoldthesharkafteroceanographersconfirmedthatitwasawhalesharkandthereforenotunderStateprotection.
ThesharkwasbelievedtohavedriftedintotheareafromthedeepseaduetostrongwavescausedlastweekbyTyphoonImbudo.Ithadnoopeninjuriesbutexpertssaidtheybelieveditsufferedfrominternal(内部的)bleeding.
LocalpoliceofficerFuChenggengsaidbeachgoersshouldnotfeelthreatenedbysharksbecausethefishneverattackhumanbeingsontheirowninitiative.FusaidhehadneverheardofanysharkattacksattheSanyabeachsincehefirststartedworkthereeightyearsago.
However,policesaidtheywillimprovethesecuritysystemtosafeguardtourists'safetyonthebeach.1.Theunderlinedword“confirmed”probablymeans________.
A.saidB.believedC.thoughtD.madesure
答案:D指导:关键词oceanographer指“海洋学者”,所以that从句后的内容是专家确定的内容。
B
WhenIwasabout12,Ihadanenemy,agirlwholikedtopointoutmyshortcomings.
Weekbyweekherlistgrew;Iwasverythin;Iwasn'tagoodstudent.Italkedtoomuch;Iwastooproud,andsoon.ItriedtobearalltheseaslongasIcould.Atlast,Ibecameveryangry.Irantomyfatherwithtearsinmyeyes.
Helistenedtomequietly.Thenheasked,“Arethethingsshesaystrueornot?Janet,didn'tyoueverwonderwhatyouarereallylike?Well,younowhavethatgirl'sopinion.Goandmakealistofeverythingshesaidandmarkthepointsthataretrue.Paynoattentiontotheotherthingsshesaid.
Ididashetoldme.Tomygreatsurprise,Idiscoveredthatabouthalfthethingsweretrue.SomeofthemIcouldn'tchangelikebeingverythin,butagoodnumberIcouldandsuddenlyIwantedtochange.ForthefirsttimeIgotafairlyclearpictureofmyself.
IbroughtthelistbacktoDaddy.Herefusedtotakeit.”That'sjustforyou,“hesaid.”Youknowbetterthananyone,thetruthaboutyourself.Butyouhavetolearntolisten,notjustcloseyourearsinangerandfeelinghurt.Whensomethingsaidaboutyouistrue,you'llfinditwillbeofhelptoyou.Ourworldisfullofpeoplewhothinktheyknowyourduty.Don'tshutyourears.Listentothemall,butbearthetruthanddowhatyouknowistherightthingto~to.“
Daddy'sadvicehasreturnedtomeatmanyimportantmoments.Inmylife,I'veneverhadabetterpieceofadvice.
1.Whatdoes”Weekbyweekherlistgrew“mean?
A.Weekbyweek,myshortcomingsgrewmoreserious
B.Shemadealistofmyshortcomingsandkeptonaddingnewonestoit.
C.Iwashavingmoreandmoreshortcomingsastimewenton.
D.Shediscoveredmoreshortcomingsofmineandpointedthemouttome.
答案:D指导:从文中第一句话和”Weekbyweekherlistgrow”后的一句话知D选项为最正确选项。
C
Bondhadwalkedforonlyafewminuteswhenitsuddenlyoccurredtohimthathewasbeingfollowed.Therewasnoevidenceforitexceptaslightheadacheandalittleknowingthepeoplenearhimbutbelievedinhissixthsenseandheatoncestoppedinfrontoftheshopwindowhewaspassingandlookedoccasionallybackalong46thstreet.Nothingbutalotofmiscellaneouspeoplemovingslowlyonthesidewalks,mostlyonthesamesideashimself,thesidethatwasbackfromthesun.Therewasnosuddenmovementintoadoorway,nobodywipinghisfacewithahandkerchieftoavoidrecognition,nobodybendingdowntotieashoelace.
HewentonandturnedintotheAvenueoftheAmericans,stoppinginthe-firstdoorway,theentrancetoawoman'sun-derwearstorewhereamaninabluehatwithhisbacktohimwasexaminingtheblackfacepaintsonaparticularlyrealisticdummy(模型)
Andthensomethinggraspedhisarmandavoicecame,“Allright,Limey.Takeiteasyunlessyouwantleadforlunch.”andhefeltsomethingpressintohisbackjustabovethekidney.Therewasatapashisfistwascaughtintheotherman'slefthand,andatthesametimeasthecontacttelegraphedtoBond'smindthattherecouldhavebeennogun,
therecamethewellrememberedlaughterandthelazyvoicesaying,“Nogood,James.Theangleshavegotyou.'
BondstraightenedhimselfslowlyandforamomenthecouldonlygazeintothesmilingfaceofFelixLeiterwithblanddisbelief,hisbuilt-uptension(紧张)slowlyrelaxing.
”Soyouweredoingafronttail,youbastard?'hefinallysaid.
1.Whatdidthemanmeanbysaying“Takeiteasyunlessyouwantleadforlunch”?
A.Putupyourhands.
B.Don'tmoveorI'llshootyou.
C.Ifyouwanttohavelunch,youmustlistentome.
D.Yougofirstslowlyandwe'llhavelunchtogether.
答案:B指导:从上下文知,Bond当时以为是枪顶着他的后背,故推知本句决非本义。lead指子弹。
D
Plagiarismisoneofthemostseriousproblemsinschoolsandcolleges.Ithasoccurredaslongastherehavebeenteachersandstudents,buttherecentgrowthoftheIntemethasmadeitmuchworse.Recentstudiesshow30%ofallstudentsmaybeplagiarizingoneverywrittenhomeworkthey'vedone.Whatisplagiarism?Itisusingothers'ideasandwordswithoutclearlymentioningwheretheinformationisfrom.
Thewaystoavoidplagiarismare.
*Putinquotations(引号)everythingthatcomesdirectlyfromthetext.
*Paraphrase(转述),butbesureyouaren'tjustrearrangingorreplacingafewwords.Instead,readoverwhatyou'llparaphrasecarefully;closethetextsothatyoucan'tseeanyofit;andwriteouttheideaquicklyinyourownwords.Thencheckyourparaphrasetomakesureyouhaven'taccidentallyusedthesameexpressions.
InUSandUKuniversities,plagiarismisconsideredascheatingordishonestywithpunishmentfromazeroforthehomeworktoafailinggradeforthesubject,toalossofallgradesforthattermoranexpel(开除)fromtheuniversityforatleasttwoterms.
SeveralmethodsaretakeninUSuniversitiestostopstudents'plagiarizingonline,Somecollegesareexperimentingwithaprogramthatcancontrolthecomputer'soperatingsystemduringthetest.Teachersalsogotowww.tumitin,comtocatchcheaters.However,studentsneedtobemadeclearofthereasonwhyplagiarizingiswrong.
1.Theword“plagiarism”means________.
A.cheatingintheexams
B.puttingothers'wordsinquotations
C.rewritingothers'articles
D.stealingothers'ideasorwords
答案:D指导:由第一段最后一句“Whatisplagiarism?hisusingothers'ideasandwordswithoutclearlymentioningwheretheinformationisfrom“可知D正确。
E
Bothwarm-bloodedandcold-bloodeddesertanimalshavewaystoescapethedesertheat.Warm-bloodeddesertanimals,suchasratsandmice,restduringtheday,oftenstayingincoolundergroundburrows.Atnighttheysearchforfood.Animalsthatareoutduringtheday,suchascold-bloodedlizardsandsnakes,areactiveonlyforshortperiods.Astheirbodytem-peraturerises,thesereptilesmoveintotheshadeinordertocooldown.Intheearlyevening,whenthesungrowsweaker,thereptilesbecomemoreactiveandbegintheirsearchforfoodagain.
Gettingenoughwatertosurviveisamajorproblemforalldesertanimals.Somedesertanimals,likedesertbirds,managetofindwaterholes.Otherdesertanimals,suchasthekangarooratandtherelatedjerboa,getwateronlyfromthefoodthattheyeat.Becausetheseanimalseatmainlydryseeds,theymustsurviveonatinyamountofwater.
Mostdesertshaveonlyasmallnumberoffrogsandtoadsbecausetheseanimalsmustbenearwatertosurvive.Yeteventhesecreatureshaveadapted(适应)todesertconditions.Whensmallamountsofwatercollectintemporarystreams,thedesert-livingfrogsandtoadsbecomeactive.Afterarainfall,theylaytheireggs.Theeggsgrowintotadpolesinafewdaysandintoadultsinjustfourweeks,whenthepuddles(7](t7i;)dryup,theadultfrogsortoadsdigintotheground.Theirmetabolism(新陈代谢)slows,andtheystaybeneaththegrounduntilthenextrain,whichmaybeasgoodasayearaway.Untilthen,theirbodilyactivitiescontinueatareducedrate.
Thecamel--oftencalledtheshipofthedesert--isoneofthemostsuccessfuldesertanimals.Camelscangoforlongpe-riodswithoutwater,buteventuallytheymustdrink.Whenwaterbecomesavailabletothemafteralongdrought,theymaydrink95litersofwaterormore.Whenwaterisnotavailable,whathelpscamelssurvivethedesertheatisthefatstoredintheirhumps(驼峰).Acamel'shumpcontainsabout12kilogramsoffat.Fatisrichinhydrogen.Asthefatisdigested,hydrogenfromthefatcombineswithoxygenintheairthatthecamelbreathes.TheresultisH20,orwater.Eachkilogramoffatthatacameldigestsproducesaboutaliterofwater.
1.Desertanimalsareusuallymoreactiveatnightbecause.
A.itiscooleratnight
B.itiseasiertofindwater
C.theylikethedark
D.theyarelesslikelytobeattackedatnight
答案:A指导:文章的首句:“Bothwarm-bloodedandcold-bloodeddesertanimalshavewaystoescapethedesertheat、”A项与此信息吻合。
2.Whichofthefollowingdesertanimalscangetwateronly
fromthefood?
A.ThecamelB.Thekangaroo
C.ThefrogD.Therat.
答案:B指导:第二段:“Otherdesertanimals,suchasthekangatooratandrelatedjerboa,getwateronlyfromthefoodthattheyeat、”本句明确告知B项是正确的。注意:D项therat指的是“田鼠”。
3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
A.Allthedesertanimalsrestduringtheday.
B.Allthedesertanimalsdon'trestduringtheday.
C.Coldbloodeddesertanimalsareoutmostoftheday.
D.Noneofthecold-bloodeddesertanimalsgooutduringtheday.
答案:B指导:注意本句的意思是:并不是所有的沙漠动物都在白天休息。而不是所有的沙漠动物都不在白天休息。
4.Thetitleforthispassagecouldprobablybe_________.
A.HotDeserts
B.DesertAnimals
C.HowDesertAnimalsGetWater
D.WaysToEscapetheDesertHeat
答案:B指导:本文正是介绍“沙漠动物”的。
5.Theunderlinedword”burrows“inthefirstparagraphcanbereplacedby_______
A.holesB.cavesC.roomsD.openings
答案:A指导:根据常识和burrows之前的underground一词可以作出判断。
F
WithfifteenyearsBritainandothernationsshouldbewellonwiththebuildingofhugeindustrialcomplexesoftherecyclingofwaste.Theword”rubbish“couldloseitsmeaningbe-causeeverythingwhichgoesintothedumpswouldbemadeintosomethinguseful.Eventhemostdangerousandunpleasantwasteswouldprovideenergyifnothingelse.
ThelatestprojectistotakeacityofaroundhalfamillioncitizensanddiscoverexactlywhatrawmaterialsgointoitandwhatgoOut.Theaimistofindouthowmuchoftheserawmaterialscouldbeprovidedifaplantforrecyclingwastewerebuiltjustoutsidethecity.Thisplantwouldrecyclenotonlymetalsuchassteel,leadandcopper,butalsopaperandrubberaswell.
Anothernew-projectisbeingsetuptodiscoverthebestwayofsortingandseparatingtherubbish.Whenthisprojectiscomplete,therubbishwillbeprocessedlikethis:First,itwillPassthroughsharpmetalbarswhichwilltearopentheplasticbagsinwhichrubbishisusuallypacked;thenitwillpassthroughapowerfulfantoseparatethelightestelementsfromtheheavysolids;afterthatfoundersandrollerswillbreakupeverythingthatcanbebroken.Finally.therubbishwillpassundermagnets(磁铁),whichwillremovethebitsofironandsteel;therubberandplasticwillthenbesortedoutinthefinalstage.
Thefirstfull-sizegiantrecyclingplantsareperhapsfifteenyearsaway.Indeed,withthegrowingcostoftransportingrubbishtomoredistantdumps,somebigcitieswillbeforcedtobuildtheirownrecyclingplantsbeforelong.
1.Theunderlinedpart”shouldbewellonwith“(Para.1)mostprobablymeans__________.
A.completeB.getreadytostart
C.achieveagreatdealinD.putanendto
答案:C指导:由下文介绍的关于回收利用废品的情况可以推断出来:bewellonwithsth.的意思是:achieveagreatdealinsth、在某方面有很大成就。
2.WhatisnotmentionedasapartoftherecyclingprocessdescribedinParagraph3?
A.Breakingupwhateverisbreakable.
B.Sharpeningmetalbars.
C.Separatinglightelementsfromtheheavyones.
D.Sortingoutsmallpiecesofmetal.
答案:B指导:原文中的信息是:First,讧willpassthroughsharpmetalbarswhichwilltearopentheplasticbags、、、而B项提供的信息却是“将铁条弄尖”。
3.What'sthemainreasonforbigcitiestobuildtheirownrecyclingplants?
A.Todealwithwastesinabetterway.
B.Toprotecttheenvironmentfrompollution.
C.Togetrawmaterialslocally.
D.Tomakemuchmoneyfromthoseplants.
答案:C指导:从最后一段”WiththegrowingCOStoftransportingrubbishtomoredistantdumps(随着把垃圾运到遥远的垃圾场的费用增加)”可以推断出,在大城市当地处理垃圾可以节省运费。
4.Thepassageismainlyabout_______
A.acheapwaytogetenergy
B.theplaceofrecyclingplants
C.newwaysofrecyclingwastes
D.theprobabilityofcityenvironment
答案:B指导:结合全文和第二段可以作出判断。
G
Whenseveraldifferentpeoplelookatthesameperson,itisnotunusualforeachofthemtoseedifferentthings;whenyoualoneobserveonebehaviororonepersonattwodifferenttimes,youmayseedifferentthings.Thefollowingareaboutsomeofthefactorsthatleadtothesedifferentsenses.
(1)Eachperson'ssensesofothersareformedbyhisorherownculturalcondition,education,andpersonalexperiences.
(2)Sometimessensesdifferbecauseofwhatwechoosetoobserveandhowwedealwithwhatwe'veobserved.Itisnotnecessarilytruethatpersonsenseisbasedonobservationsofaparticularperson.Yourobservationsmaybetotallycontrolledbywhatothershavetoldyouaboutthisperson:oryoumaycentermainlyonthesituationorrolerelationship.Mostpeopledonotusethesamestandardtomeasuretheirparents,theirfriends,andstrangers.
(3)Sometimesweseeonlywhatwewanttoseeordon'tseewhatmaybeobvioustoothersbecauseofourownneeds,desires,ortemporaryemotionalstates.Thisisaprocessknownasselectivesense.Selectivesenseisobviouslymoredif-ficultwhencontradictory(矛盾的)informationisparticularlyobvious,butitcanbedone.Wecanignore(忽略)thestimulus“He'sbasicallyagoodboysowhatIsawwasnotshoplifting.
”Wecanreducetheimportanceofthecontradictoryinformation“Allkidsgetintonaughtyhehavior.Takingabookfrombookstoreisn'tsuchabigdeal.”WecanchangethemeaningofthecontradictoryinformationItwasn'tshopliftingbecausehewasgoingtopayforitlater.“
l.Thefirstfactorgivenbytheauthorthataffectsoursenseis_________.
A.theabilitiesofone'shearingandseeingsensors
B.culturalbackgroundandpersonalexperiences
C.experiencesonelearnsfromothers
D.criticalmeasurestakenbyotherpeople
答案:B指导:由第一因素就是”culturalconditionandpersonalexperiences“可知B为最正确选项。
2.Whileobservingaparticularperson,
A.Oneixlikelytotalkallaspectsintoconsideration
B.Otiepaysmoreattentionto}lis,heradvantages
C.childrenoftendifferfromgrownupsinsense
D.onetendstochoosecertaincues(提示)tolookfor
答案:D指导:据文中第一段最后一句“有几个因素导致不同的感觉”,另外,由第二个因素中第三句”controlledbywhatothershavetoldyouaboutthisperson“可知D为最正确选项。
3.Observationofthesamepersonbytwopeopleatthesamerimemaydifferbecause_______.
A.theirmeasuringstandardsarcnotthesame
B.eitherofthemmaybeslowtocatchinformation
C.thetimeforobservationisnotlongenough
D.eachofthemusesdifferentlanguagetoexpresshisherimpressions
答案:A指导:据作者给出的三个因素:①据自己的文化背景和切身经历;②我们所看到的和我们处理所看到东西的方法;③我们自己切身需要。所以A为正确选项,不同人的不同标准。
4.Theunderlinedword”stimulus“inParagraph4refersto_________.
A.somethingattractive
B.selectivesense
C.contradictoryinformation
D.shoplifting
答案:C指导:据文中倒数第五句“Whencontradictoryinformationisparticularlyobvious,butitcanbedone”和后面所举的例子,“如果一个好孩子在书店中偷书……”可知C项为最正确选项,忽视矛盾性的重要性。
H
Technologyhasbeenanencouragementofhistoricalchange.ItactedassuchaforceinEnglandheginningintheeighteenthcentury,andacrosstheentireWesternWorldinthenineteenth.Rapidadvancesweremadeintheuseofscientificfindingsinthemanufacture(制造)ofgoods,whichhangedideasaboutwork.Oncofthefirstchangeswasthatotherformsofenergyhavetakentheplaceofhumanpower.Alongwiththiscametheincreaseduseofmachinestomanufactureproductsinlesstime.Peoplealsodevelopedmachinesthatcouldproducethesamepartsforaproduct:eachnailwasexactlylikeeveryothernail.meaningthateachnailcouldbechangedforeveryothernail.Thismeansthatgoodscouldbemassproduction,ahhoughmassproductionrequiredbreakingproductiondownintosmallerandsmallertasks.
Onccthiswasdone,workersnolongerstartedontheproductandlahoredtocompleteit.Instead,theymightworkonlyonethousandthofit,otherworkerscompletingtheirownparlsincertainorder.
Thereisnothingstrangeaboutthismanufacturingworkbytoday'sstandards.Highlyskilledworkerswereunabletocomparewiththenewproduciiontechniques,asmassproductionallowedgoodsofhighstandardtobeproducedingreaternum-berthancouldeverbedonebyhand.Buttheskilledworkerswasn'ttheonlyloser,thccommonworkerslosttoo.Similarchangesforcedfannersaway.Theincreasedmechanization(械化)ofagriculturefreedmassesofworkersfromploughingthelandandharvestingitscrops.Theyhadlittlechoicebuttostreamtowardtherapidlydevelopingindustrialcenters.Increasingly,standardsweresetbymachines.Workersnolongerownedtheirowntools,theirskillwasnolongervalued,andprideintheirworkwasnolongerpossible.Workersfed,lookedafterandrepairedthemachinesthatcouldworkfasterthanhumansatgreatlyreducedcost.
1.Inthispassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTconsideredasachangecausedbytileuseofscientificfindingsintheproductionofgoods?
A.Otherformsofenergyhavetakentheplaceofhumanpower.
B.Theincreasedexploitationofworkersinthe19thcentury.
C.Theincreaseduseofmachinestomakeproductsinlesstime.
D.Theuseofmachinesproducingpartsofthesamestandard.
答案:B指导:由文中第一段可知。
2.Theunderlinedword“this”inthefirstparagraphrefersto_________.
A.theuseofscientificfindings
B.thepracticeofproducingthesamepartsforaproduct
C.thehumanpowerbeingreplacedbyotherformsofenergy
D.thetechnologybecomingtheencouragementofhistoricalchange
答案:C指导:由于其他“能”代替了“人力”,从而使“机器”生产出现。所以C为正确答案。
3.Theunderlinedword“this”inthesecondparagraphreferstothechangethat______.
A.eachnailcouldbetakentileplaceofbyeveryothernail
B.eachnailwasexactlylikeeveryothernail
C.producingtasksbecamesmallerandsmaller
D.goodscouldliemassproduced
答案:D指导:由于产品成批生产,所以产生工人只做千分之一的工作。故D为正确答案。
I
Wefindthatbrightchildrenarenotoftenheldbackbymixed-abilityteaching.Onthecontrary,boththeirknowledgeandexperienceareimproved.Wefeelthattherearemanydisadvantagesinstreamingpupils,awaytoteachpupilsingroupsaccordingtotheirability.Itdoesnotpayattentiontothefactthatchildrendevelopatdifferentspeed.Itcanhaveabadeffectonbloththebrightandnot-so-brightchildren.Afterallitcanbequitediscouragingtobeatthehottomofthetopgrade!
Besides,itisratherunrealtogradepeoplejustaccordingtotheirintellectual(智力的)ability.Thisisonlyoneaspect(方面)oftheirtotalpersonality.Weareconcernedtodeveloptheabilitiesofallourpupilstothefull,notjusttheiracademic(学术理论的)ability.Wealsovaluepersonalqua[ides(品质)andsocialskills,andwefindthatmixed-abilityteachinghelpsimprovealltheseaspectsoflearning.
Inourclassroom,weworkinvariousways.Thepupilsoftenworkingroups,thisgivesthemthechancestolearntocc-operate,toshare,andtodevelopleadershipskills.Theyal-scilearnhowtodealwithpersonalproblemsaswellaslearninghowtothink,tomakedecisions,toanalyzeandevaluate(分析和评价),andtocomunicateeffectively.Thepupilslearnfromeachotheraswellasfromtheteacher.
Sometimesthepupilsworkinpairs;sometimestheyworkonindividual(个人的)tasksandassignments,andtheycandothisattheirownspeed.Theyalsohavesomeformalclassteachingwhenthisisrightandsuitable.Weencourageourpu-pilstousethelibrary,andweteachthemtheskillstheyneedinordertodothiseffectively.Anadvancedpupilcandoadvancedwork;itdoesnotmatterwhatagethechildis.Weexpectourpupilstodotheirbest,nottheirleast,andwegivethemeveryencouragementtoachievethisgoal.
1.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowards“mixed-abilityteaching”?
A.Heagreestoit.
B.Hedoubtsthetruthofit.
C.Heisverydiscontentaboutit.
D.Hetriestobeobjectiveat)outit.
答案:A指导:由第一段第二句“Onthecontrary,boththeirknowledSeandexperienceareimproved”可知作者赞同mixed-abilityteaching、
2.By“heldback”,theauthormeans
A.forcedtostudyinthelowerclass
B.madetoremaininthesameclass
C.preventedfromadvancing
D.madetofallbehindotherstudents
答案:C指导:由第一段第二句中的improved可知。
J
Whenwethinkaboutpeoplewhoarcleaders,weoftengetamentalpictureofsomeonewhoisolder,smarter,andwiserthanourselves.Studiesofleadership,though,haveusuallyfoundthatthereisalmostnorelationshipbetweenskillasaleaderandtraditionalmeasuresofintelligence.
SomerecentresearchbypsychologistRedFiedleandhiscolleaguesshowedthatbothintelligenceandexperiencemaybeimportantbutjustnowhowimportantdependsuponhowstressfultheworksituationisandwhatkindoftaskistobeac-complished.Theresearchersobtainedmeasuresofintelligence,experience,performance,andstress.
Overall,thesevariablesdidnotrelatetooneanother.Menwithhighandlowintelligencewereequallylikelytogivegoodperformance,asweremenwithmoreandlessexperience,ormoreandlessstresswiththeirbosses.Howevcr,whenyoulookseparatelyatthosemenwhohavehighstresswiththeirbosses,thcpicturechanges.
Inhighstresssituations,therewasnoassociationbetweenintelligenceandperformance,buttherewasbetweenexperienceandperformance.Inotherwords,indifficuhsituations,itwashelpfulto“knowtheropes”.Inlowstresssituations,thefindingswerejusttheopposite.Experiencewasnotrelatedtogoodperformance,butintelligencewas.Thatis.whenthingsaregoingwell,intelligenceisveryusefulinleadership.
Astudyoffirefighters'performanceunderhighandlowstressconditionsalsofoundtheexperiencedofficersperformedbestundersituationsofstress.Noneofthisisreallyverysurprising.Ifyouhaveeverhadasupervisoryjobyouprobablyfoundthatatleastasmuchenergywentintohandling(管理)peopleaswentintohandlingthejobitself.Testsofintelligenceatleasttheoneswehavenowdonotpredictsuccessinhandlingpeople.
1.Whatkindofpeoplecandothebestjobinstresssituation?
A.intelligentpeopleB.experiencedpeople
C.calmpeopleD.skilledpeople
2.Inthethirdsentenceofthelastparagraph.“asupervisoryjob”refersto_______.
A.amanagementjobB.anadvisoryjob
C.ateachingjobD.anorganizingjob
3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage.'?
A.Instresssituations,therearenoassociationbetweenexperienceandperformance.
B.Somerecentresearchsuggeststhatmostleadersarclackofintelligence.
C.Inlowstresssituations,intelligenceplaysanimportantroleinleadership.
D.Generallyspeaking,leadersarelikelytobeclevererthanordinarypeople.
4.Inthesecondsentenceofthefourthparagraph,to“knowtheropes”mostprobablymeans________.
A.tounderstandthesituation
B.tocontrolthesituation
C.togetridofthesituation
D.tomakesurewhattodoaboutthcsituation
答案:D指导:根据上下文可以推断本句意思是:换句话说,在困难的情况下经验有利于控制局势。
K
Americansareproudoftheirvarietyandindividuality,yettheyloveandrespectfewthingsmorethanauniform,whetheritistheuniformofanelevator,operatorortheuniformofafive-stargeneral.WhyareuniformssopopularintheUnitedStates?
Amongtheargumentsforuniforms,oneofthefirstisthatintheeyesofmostpeopletheylookmoreprofessionalthanci-vilian(百姓的)clothes.Peoplehavebecomeconditionedtoexpectsuperiorqualityfromamanwhowearsauniform.Thetel-evisionrepairmanwhowearsauniformtendstoinspiremoretrustthanonewhoappearsincivilianclothes.Faithintheskillofagaragemechanicisincreasedbyauniform.Whateasierwayisthereforanurse,apoliceman,abarber,orawaitertoloseprofessionalidentity(身份)thantostepoutofuniform?
Uniformsalsohavemanypracticalbenefits.Theysaveonotherclothes.Theysaveonlaundrybills.Theyaretax-deductible(可减税的).Theyareoftenmorecomfortableandmoredurablethancivilianclothes.
Primaryamongtheargumentsagainstuniformsistheirlackofvarietyandtheconsequentlossofindividualityexperi-encedbypeoplewhomustwearthem.Thoughtherearemanytypesofuniforms,thewearerofanyparticulartypeisgenerallystuckwithit,withoutchange,untilretirement.Whenpeoplelookalike,theytendtothink,speak,andactsimilarly,onthejobatleast.
Uniformsalsogiverisetosomepracticalproblems.Thoughtheyarelong-lasting,oftentheirinitialexpenseisgreaterthanthecostofcivilianclothes.Someuniformsarealsoexpensivetomaintain,requiringprofessionaldrycleaningrath-erthanthehomelaunderingpossiblewithmanytypesofcivilianclothes.1.ItissurprisingthatAmericanswhoworshipvarietyandindividuality______.
A.stilljudgeamanbyhisclothes
B.holdtheuniforminsuchhighregard
C.enjoyhavingaprofessionalidentity
D.willrespectanelevatoroperatorasmuchasageneralinuniform
答案:B指导:这篇文章主要讲述崇尚个性、崇尚多样化的美国人为何爱穿制服,以及制服所带来的利弊,是一道辨别事实题。由第一段第一句“AmericansareproudOftheirvarietyandindividuality,yettheyloveandrespectfewthingsmorethanauniform、、、”可知应选B项。
2.Peopleareaccustomedtothinkthatarmninuniform______.
A.suggestsqualitywork
B.discardshissocialidentity
C.appearstobemorepractical
D.lookssuperiortoapersonincivilianclothes
答案:A指导:由第二段第二句“Peoplehavebecomeconditionedtoexpectsuperiorqualityfromamanwhowearsauniform、、、”可判断A项正确。
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ThemodernOlympicGameswerefoundedwiththeintentionofimprovinghealthandeducation,promotingworldpeace,andencouragingfairandequalcompetition.Butovertheyears,theolympicsaying,”faster,higher,stronger“,haspushedscientistsaswellasathletestodoeverythingpossibletoreachnewlevels.
Doctors,engineersandcoachesalluseeverytingsciencehastooffertoachievethatlittlebitextraincompetition.Thereasonmoderntechnologyhasbecomepartofsportisverysimple:winningisjustasimportantasitwas2,500yearsagoattheolympicsofancientGreece.Developmentsintechnologyhaveoftenbeenreflectedinthemethodsoftrainingandper-formanceattheolympicsthroughhistory.Thistechnologyfallsintotwomaingroups:improvinganathlet'sperformanceincompetition,andallowingresultstobemeasuredmoreaccurately.
Oneofthecreationsthathasdrawnthemostattentionisthenewhigh-techswimsuitfromSpeedo,whichwasusedbymanyUSswimmersinAthens.UntilSydney2000,itwasthoughtthatthesmallertheswimsuit,thefastertheswimmerwouldtravel.
”However,thefactthatattheSydneyOlympics,28ofthe33goldmedalistswerewearingthebodycoveringFastskinsuitprovedthetheorywasoutofdate,“saidAndyThomas,vicepresidentofSpeed.
Thecompany'sfullbodysuitissupposedtomakeswim-mers3to4percentfaster,particularlywhenturningordivingintothewater.Itisbelievedthatthesuitcreateslesswaterre-sistanceasitmoves,behavingmorelikeasharkskinthanahumanskin.
Theintroductionofhigh-techequipmentmeansthatathletesinallsports,from100-metresprinttothepolevault,cannowtrainmoreeffectively.
Meanwhile,scientificdevlopmentalsomeansperformancescanbemeasuredandstudiedmoreaccurately.Notonlyarewinningtimesmoreaccuratelyrecorded,butcheatingathletesareeasiertocatchout.Athens20典型例题nizerspromisedtouseonlytheverylatestequipmenttomeasuredistanceandspeed.
1.WhichisnotthefirstaimofthemodernOlympicGames?
A.Improvinghealthandeducation.
B.Promotingworldpeace.
C.Encouragingfairandequalcompetition.
D.Winningmedals.
答案:D由文章第一句“、、、theintentionofimprovingbealthandeducation,promotmgworldpreace,andencouragingfairandequalcompetition”知,winningmedals不包括在内,应选D.
2.Thereasonmoderntechnologyhasbecomepartofsportisthatpeople______.
A..makeeveryefforttowinmedals
B.dotheirbesttoinventnewsportsequipmnt
C.trytotesttheirabilities
D.wanttoimprovetheirconditionofcompetition
答案:A由第二段第二句"Thereasonmoderntechnologyhasbecomepartofsportisverysimple:winningisjustasimortantasitwas2,500yearsagoattheOlympicsofancientGreece”知,A选项(努力赢得奖牌)最符合文章。
3.Inthepassageitmentionsthathightechnologyisinvolvedin______aspects.
A.1B.2C.3D.4
答案:B从文章第二段最后一句知:高科技应用于运动的目的有二;提高运动员在竞赛中的表现能力,使比赛结果更准确。
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ThefollowingisabouttheBBCandsomeotherbroadcastingstationsBritain.
1.Onwhichradiocanyouhearacommercial?
A.Radio3B.Radio4.
C.CapitalRadio.D.RadioLondon.
答案:C从表中第五栏中可知:有广告收入的电台即具有商业性质的电台有两家:一为伦敦广播公司(LBC),另一为首都广播(CapitalRadio)。
2.Youneedtolistento______foraprogrammeonouterspace.
A.Radio2B.Radio3
C.RadioD.LBC
答案:B从表中第二栏知Radioa播有Sciencetalk节目,而outerspace属于Sciencetalk,应选B、
LONDON--“Everyoneelsehasone!”Lucydeclaredtoherparents,tryingtogetamobilephoneasagiftforher14thbirthday.Herparentsgavein.
Curioustoknowhowherdaughterwouldusethephone,JaneBidder,themother,followedLucytotheschoolbusinthemorningThebusseats20,ofwhgomhalfhaveamobilephone:Oneringsandseveraladolescent(青少年的)ownersfeelintheirbags.
Manyparentshavejustcometorealizethatthemobilephoneisnolongeronlyfortravellingbusinessmenitisaslikelytobefoundinschoolbags.
Themobilephoneseemstohavebecomesomethingessentialfortoday'steensinBritain,accordingtoasurveypublishedlastweek,byNOP,aleadingmarketresearchcompanyinBritain.Researchfoundthat66percentof16-year-oldnowhaveac-cesstoamobilephone.
Themobilephonehasbeenturnedintoasecretmessagingservicebyteenusers.Whentheyaretalkingonthemo-bile,theirparentsarenotabletc;eavesdroponthesecondline.
Theinterviewswith2,典型例题ngpeopleaged7to16foundthattheyfavourthetextmessagingservicesbecausetheyofferasecretwayofkeepingintouch.Thedaysofsecretnotesintheclassroomaredyingout.
Forexample,“cya”means“seeyou”;“IOI”means“laughsoutloud”;and“2nite”isanabbreviationof“tonight”.AllthesearebasedonshorthandphrasesusedontheInternet.
Manyschoolshavebannedstudentsusingmobilephones.Buttheyarenotverysuccessful.Stillphonesringintheclassanddisturbstudy.
Besides,peopleareworriedaboutthehealthrisktokidsusingmobilephones.
Scientistsbelievechildrenareespeciallyvulnerabletothemobileradiation.
1.ThestoryofLucyistoldtoshowus
A.Britishparentsmeettheirchildren'sneedswhatevertheyare
B.Britishkidshavegoodrelationshipswiththeirparents
C.howBritishparentsacceptthetruthofteenagersowningamobilephone
D.whyeverychildgetsamobilephoneasabirthdaypresentintheUK
答案:C指导:文中第一段Lucy说“每人都有一部手机”,所以父母屈服了,故此C为最正确选项。
2.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthisnewsstory?
A.Schoolbansmobilephones
B.Parents'curiosityaboutchildrenusingmobiles
C.MobilepopularityamongUKteens
D.SecretmessagespopularamongkidsintheUK
答案:C指导:本文通过Lucy父母的所见所闻,说明手机在英国学生中是很普通的,所以C为最正确选项,而其他三个选项都不能概括文章的主要思想。
3.Theunderlinedwordeavesdropmeans______.
A.joininactively
B.interruptrudely
C.watchcarefully
D.listensecretly
答案:D指导:由文中前一句“Themobilephonehasbeenturnedintoasecretmessagingservicebyteenusers'’和“、、、theirparentsarenotableto、、、”可知D为正确答案。
4.Interviewsdiscoverchildrenlikesendingmessagesinsteadof______.
A.callingeachother
B.writingnotestoeachother
C.playinggamesonline
D.greetingeachotherPassages
答案:B指导:由文中倒数第五段“…Theyfavourthetextmessagingservicesbecausetheyofferasecretway、、、Thedays“secretnotesintheclassroomaredyingout”可知学生喜欢短信息,所以答案为B.
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Lifeisdifficult.
Itisagreattruthbecauseoncewetrulyunderstandandacceptit.Thenlifeisnolongerdifficult.
Mostdonotfullyseethistruth.Insteadtheycomplainabouttheirproblemsanddifficultiesasiflifeshouldbeeasy.Itseemstothemthatdifficultiesrepresent(代表)aspecialkindofsufferingespeciallyforceduponthemorelseupontheirfamilies,theirclass,oreventheirnation.
Whatmakeslifedifficultisthattheprocessoffacingandsolvingproblemsisapainfulone.Problems,dependingontheirnature,causeussadness,orlonelinessorregretorangerorfear.Theseareuncomfortablefeelings,oftenaspainfulasanykindofphysicalpain.Andsincelifecausesanendlessseriesofproblems,lifeisalwaysdifficultandisfullofpainaswellasjoy.
Yet,itisinthiswholeprocessofsolvingproblemsthatlifehasitsmeaning.Problemsaretheserioustestthattellsussuccessfromfailure.Whenwedesiretoencouragethegrowthofhumanspirit,weencouragethehumanabilitytosolveproblems,justasinschoolwesetproblemsforourchildrentosolve.Itisthroughthepainofmeetingandwork-ingoutproblemsthatwelearn.AsBenjaminFranklinsaid,Thosethingsthathurt,instruct.Itisforthisreasonthatwisepeoplelearnnottofearbuttowelcomethepainofproblems.
1.Fromthepassage,itcanbeinferredthat______.
A.everybodyhasproblems
B.webecomestrongerbymeetingandsolvingtheproblemsoflife
C.lifeisdifficultbecauseourproblemsbringuspain
D.peopleliketocomplain:abouttheirproblems
答案:B指导:全文主要讲述有人抱怨生活的艰难,作者也承认生活是艰难的,然而正是这艰难的解决问题的过程使生活更有意义,所以文中最后一段第三行Whenwedesiretoencouragethegrowth“humanspirit,weencouragethehumanabilitytosolveproblems,故此B为最正确选项。
2.Thewriterprobablyusedjustoneshortsentenceinthefirstparagraphto______.
A.savespace
Rpersuadereaders
C.makereaderslaugh
D.getreaders'attention
答案:D指导:写文章的目的就是解决问题,本文首先开门见山地点出问题,显然是为了吸引读者的注意力,而不是其他选项。
3.ThemainideaofParagraph3isthat______.
A.mostpeoplefeellifeiseasy
B.thewriterfeelslifeiseasy
C.thewriterlikestocomplainabouthisproblems
D.mostpeoplecomplainabouthowhardtheirlivesare
答案:D指导:由第三段第一句和第二句可知第三段的主要意思是“人们经常抱怨生活多么艰辛”。
4.Accordingtothepassage,wegiveschoolchildrendifficultproblemstosolveinorderto______.
A.encouragethemtolearn
B.teachthemtofearthepainofsolvingtheproblem
C.helpthemlearntodealwithpain
D.teachthemhowtorespectfromproblems
答案:A指导:由文章倒数第四句“weencouragethehumanabilitytosolveproblems,justasinschoolwesetproblemsforourchildrentosolve”可知A为最正确选项。
5.ThesayingfromBenjaminFranklin“Thosethingsthathurt,instruct”suggeststhat______.
A.wedonotlearnfromexperience
B.wedonotlearnwhenweareinpain
C.painteachesusimportantlessons
D.paincannotbeavoided
答案:C指导:由文中“Itisthroughtheparaofmeetingandworkingoutproblemsthatwelearn”可知答案为C,意思是”正是通过解决问题的痛苦,我们学到了知识”。
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