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    杭州师范大学硕士研究生招生考试命题纸

    杭州师范大学2019年招收攻读硕士研究生考试题

    考试科目代码：考试科目名称：
    243二外英语

    说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。
    PartIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）(2×10=20points
    Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsontheAnswerSheet.
    Forquestions1-7,mark
    Y(forYESifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNOifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(forNOTGIVENiftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

    Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
    HighsandLowsinSelf-Esteem
    NooneintheGouldfamilyofWestlakeVillage,California,wassurprisedbyastudysuggestingaperson’sageandstageoflifemayhaveabiggerimpactonself-esteemthanweeverrealized.Astudyofabout350000peoplelikensaperson’sself-esteemacrossthehumanlifespantoarollercoasterride,startingwithaninflatedsenseofself-approvalinlatechildhoodthatplungesinadolescence.Self-esteemrisessteadilythroughadulthood,onlytodroptoitslowestpointeverinoldage.“I’vegonethroughprettymuchallofthosecycles,”FredGouldsaid.At60,he’sedgingtowardretirement.Fred’swifeEileen,46,isabusinesswomaninthethroesofmid-adulthoodand,accordingtothestudy,predisposedtoahealthyself-regard.At21,theGoulds’son,Jeff,hasjustlaunchedthatheadyclimbintoadulthoodandabuoyantself-regardafteranadolescencefraughtwiththeusualperilsofself-doubtandhormonalwarfare.Hissister,Aly,17,disagreeswithalotofthestudy,believinginsteadthateachindividualhasanintrinsicsenseofself-esteemthatremainsrelativelyconstant.Butshedoesagreethatadolescencecangiveeventhemostsolidsenseofself-esteemasoundbattering.“Asateenager,IcandefinitelyspeakforallofuswhenIsaywebagonourselves.”Alysaid.TheStudy
    Thedropinself-esteeminadolescencewasnosurprisetoRichardRobins,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavis,whospearheadedthestudy,but“thedropinoldageisalittlebitmorenovel,”hesaid.Specifically,Robinswasintriguedbythesimilaritiesinself-esteemlevelsbetweenthoseenteringadolescenceandoldage.“Thereisanaccumulationoflossesoccurringallatoncebothinoldageandadolescence,”hesuggested.“Thereisacriticalmassoftransitiongoingon.”

    Thoseansweringthesurveyrangedinagefrom9to90.Theyparticipatedinthesurveybyloggingontoa2019年考试科目代码243考试科目名称二外英语（本考试科目共8页，第1页）

    杭州师范大学硕士研究生招生考试命题纸
    Websiteduringaperiodbetween1999and2000.Aboutthree-quarterswereCaucasian,therestamixtureofpeopleofAsian,black,LatinoandMiddle-Easterndescent.MostwerefromtheUnitedStates.Thesurveysimplyaskedpeopletoagreeorstronglydisagree---onafivepointscale---withthestatement:“Iseemyselfassomeonewhohashighself-esteem.”
    Everybodyisanindividual,Robinsstressed,soself-esteemcanbeaffectedbyanumberofthingsthatarebiological,social,andsituational,buttherearecertainpassagesthatallofusface—andeachpassagecanhaveapowerfuleffectonoursenseofself.“Withkids,theirfeelingsaboutthemselvesareoftenbasedonrelativelysuperficialinformation,”Robinsexplained.“Aswegetolder,webaseourself-esteemonactualachievementsandfeedbackfromotherpeople.”
    Overall,thestudyindicatedthatwomendonotfareaswellasmeninself-esteem—adifferenceparticularlymarkedinadolescence.“Duringadolescence,girls’self-esteemdroppedabouttwiceasmuchasboys’,”Robinssaid,perhapsatleastpartiallybecauseofsociety’sheavyemphasisonbodyimageforgirls.Addonenegativelifeeventtoallofthisturmoil,andateenager’sdelicateself-esteemcancrumble.EmergingintoAdulthood
    Eileenrememberedhavingfairlyhighself-esteemfromages12to16.Shehadbeenveryillasachild,sotheteenyearswereatimeforhertoblossom.Then,hermotherdiedwhenshewas17,andherself-esteembottomedout.“Iwaslike,‘WhatdoIdo?HowdoIhandlethis?’”Eileenremembered.Eileenwas22whenshemarriedFred,aneventthatcoincidedwiththebeginningofheradultyears—andanupswinginherself-esteem.Likemanyadults,Eileengainedhersensesofcompetenceandcontinuity,bothofwhichcancontributetotheriseinself-esteemduringtheadultyears,Robinssaid.
    Evenifthereisdivorceorsomeotherformofchaos,therehasbeenachangeinourabilitytocope,hesaid.Welearnwithexperience.Fredisawarethathissenseofself-esteemmaybevulnerablewhenheretires.“I’mconcernedaboutkeepingmyawarenesslevel,”hesaid.“AmIgoingtobeawareofthesocialscene?Ofthingsmoreglobal?AmIgoingtobeabletoreadandkeepupwitheverything?”
    Seniorsdotendtoexperienceadropinself-esteemwhentheygetintotheir70s,thestudysays—butnotalways.ThisisenigmatictoRobins.“Whenwelookatthingslikegeneralwell-being,theevidenceismixedaboutwhathappensinoldage,”hesaid.
    Somepeopleexperienceatremendouslossofself-esteem,whereasothersmaintaintheirsenseofwell-beingrightthrougholdage.Othersarenotaslucky.Whereasadolescentslosetheirsenseofchildhoodomnipotence,seniorsexperienceanotherkindofloss.Retirementcomesataboutthesametimeseniorsmaybegintoloselovedones,theirhealth,theirfinancialstatus,ortheirsenseofcompetence.Suddenly,someonewhowassoinchargemaybecomewithdrawn,sullenanddepressed.Theirself-esteemmayplummet.Robinshopesthestudywillmakeusmoreawareofthetimeswhenourself-esteemcanbeinjeopardy.1.Aperson’sself-esteemishighduringchildhood.
    2.Aperson’sself-esteemdoesnotchangeduringadolescence.3.Allpeopleexperiencethelowestself-esteemduringoldage.4.ThepeopleinthestudyweremostlyAsian.5.Ourself-esteemisaffectedbyseveralfactors.
    6.Ourself-esteemismostdelicatewhenweareadults.
    7.Olderpeople’sself-esteemalwaysdropswhentheygetintotheir70s.8.Theparticipantsofthesurveyrangedinagefrom9to_______.
    9.AccordingtoRobins,self-esteemcanbeaffectedbyanumberofthingsthatare___________.10.Thepurposeofthestudyisto__________________________________________________.
    2019年考试科目代码243考试科目名称二外英语（本考试科目共8页，第2页）

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