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杭州师范大学招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题考试科目代码：243考试科目名称：二外英语说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。PartIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）(2’*10=20’Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet.ForquestionsI-7,markY(forYESifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNOifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(forNOTGIVENiftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.DreamsOurdreamscombineverbal,visualandemotionalstimuliintoasometimesbroken,nonsensicalbutoftenentertainingstoryline.Wecansometimesevensolveproblemsinoursleep.Orcanwe?Manyexpertsdisagreeonexactlywhatthepurposeofourdreamsmightbe.Aretheystrictlyrandombrainimpulses,orareourbrainsactuallyworkingthroughissuesfromourdailylifewhilewesleep--asasortofcopingmechanism?Shouldweevenbothertointerpretourdreams?Manysayyes,thatwehaveagreatdealtolearnfromourdreams.WhydoweDream?Forcenturies,we’vetriedtofigureoutjustwhyourbrainsplaythesenightlyshowsforus.Earlycivilizationsthoughtdreamworldswerereal,physicalworldsthattheycouldenteronlyfromtheirdreamstate.Researcherscontinuetotossaroundmanytheoriesaboutdreaming.Thosetheoriesessentiallyfallintotwo1categories:
●Theideathatdreamsareonlyphysiologicalstimulations●TheideathatdreamsarepsychologicallynecessaryPhysiologicaltheoriesarebasedontheideathatwedreaminordertoexercisevariousneuralconnectionsthatsomeresearchersbelieveaffectcertaintypesoflearning.Psychologicaltheoriesarebasedontheideathatdreamingallowsustosortthroughproblems,eventsofthedayorthingsthatarerequiringalotofourattention.Someofthesetheoriststhinkdreamsmightbeprophetic.Manyresearchersandscientistsalsobelievethatperhapsitisacombinationofthetwotheories.DreamingandtheBrainWhenwesleep,wegothroughfivesleepstages.Thefirststageisaverylightsleepfromwhichitiseasytowakeup.Thesecondstagemovesintoaslightlydeepersleep,andstagesthreeandfourrepresentourdeepestsleep.Ourbrainactivitythroughoutthesestagesisgraduallyslowingdownsothatbydeepsleep,weexperiencenothingbutdeltabrainwaves--theslowestbrainwaves.About90minutesafterwegotosleepandafterthefourthsleepstage,webeginREMsleep.Rapideyemovement(REMwasdiscoveredin1953byUniversityofChicagoresearchersEugeneAserinsky,agraduatestudentinphysiology,andNathanielKleitman,Ph.D.,chairofphysiology.REMsleepisprimarilycharacterizedbymovementsoftheeyesandisthefifthstageofsleep.HowtoImproveYourDreamRecallItissaidthatfiveminutesaftertheendofadream,wehaveforgotten50percentofthedream’scontent.Tenminuteslater,we’veforgotten90percentofitscontent.Whyisthat?Wedon’tforgetourdailyactionsthatquickly.Thefactthattheyaresohardtoremembermakestheirimportanceseemless.TherearemanyresourcesbothontheWebandinprintthatwillgiveyoutipsonhowtoimproveyourrecallofdreams.Thosewhobelievewehavealottolearnaboutourselvesfromourdreamsarebigproponentsofdreamjournals.Herearesomestepsyoucantaketoincreaseyourdreamrecall:●Whenyougotobed,tellyourselfyouwillrememberyourdreams.●Setyouralarmtogooffeveryhourandhalfsoyou’llwakeuparoundthetimesthatyouleaveREMsleep--whenyou’remostlikelytorememberyourdreams.(Or,drinkalotofwaterbeforeyougotobedtoensureyouhavetowakeupatleastonceinthemiddleofthenight!●Keepapadandpencilnexttoyourbed.●Trytowakeupslowlytoremainwithinthe“mood”ofyourlastdream.CommonDreamThemesandTheirInterpretations●BeingnakedinpublicMostofushavehad