Day 16 Feb, 12, 2020

第一部分 专题讲解：短文改错--1

一、短文改错4步曲之1——先看词法

(一)可数名词单复数

(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.

解析：chicken→chickens　短语dozens of “许多”，后面接可数名词复数，此处应用chic

(二)熟记不可数名词不可加­s或­es

(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet.

解析：informations→information　information为不可数名词，没有复数形式。

(三)注意名词所有格

(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night.

解析：Friday’s→Friday　名词Friday修饰night，意为 “星期五晚上”。　

(一)前后逻辑要一致

(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.

解析：us→me　根据语境可知，谈话的宾语是“我”，故us应改为人称代词的宾格me。

(二)仔细分析句子成分

修饰名词常用形容词性物主代词，单独使用常用名词性物主代词，宾语常用代词的宾格；注意反身代词。

(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I had done myself homework, but I was shy.

解析：myself→my/the　此处意为 “我的作业或这次作业”，homework应用形容词性物主代词my或定冠词the修饰。

(三)牢记两组代词区别

many代替可数名词，much代替不可数名词；表示“别的；另外的；其他的”用other，表示 “(三者或三者以上)另外的一个”用another。

(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals.

解析：another→other　another “又一，再一”，后接单数可数名词；复数可数名词前用other “其他的，别的”，此处表示 “有狗、鸭子，还有其他的动物”，所以应该用other。

(一)看冠词是否错用

(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.

解析：第一个a→an/one　hour虽然以辅音字母开头，但h不发音，其读音以元音音素开头，故a改为an。表示 “一个半小时”可用an/one hour and a half。

(二)看冠词是否多余

(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.

解析：去掉the　at first “起初；一开始”，为固定短语。

(三)看冠词是否缺失

(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.

解析：countryside前加the　go to the countryside意为 “去农村；去乡下”，是固定搭配。

(一)看介词搭配是否正确

(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)They would say to me that playing card games would help my brain. Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes.

解析：for→with　play games with sb.意为 “和某人一起玩游戏”。

(二)看介词是否多余或缺失

(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies.

解析：去掉第二个of　realize表示 “认识到，意识到”是及物动词，其后直接跟how引导的宾语从句，故其后的介词of多余。

(一)分析句子成分，看形容词副词是否用错

(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved.

解析：happily→happy　本句中felt是系动词，意为 “觉得”，后面应用形容词作表语，故happily应改为happy。

(二)根据语境特殊词汇巧辨比较级结构

(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I had done my homework, but I was shy. I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people.

解析：larger→large　此处指一大群人，与上下文无比较关系。因此将larger改为large。

(一)看句型/动词搭配是否正确，介词宾语是否为动名词形式

(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.

解析：sell→selling　此处动词位于介词by后，应用动名词形式，故sell改为selling。

(二)谓语动词与非谓语动词是否混用

(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.

解析：wait→waiting　分析句子结构可知，was为谓语动词，主语Everyone与wait之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语，表示伴随，因此将wait 改成waiting。

(三)分词作定语时是否混用

At dinner, we said to her, “Happy Mothers’ Day！” Mom was grateful and moving.

解析：moving→moved　句意：吃饭的时候，我们跟妈妈说： “母亲节快乐！”妈妈很感激也很感动。moving和moved都是由动词move演变来的形容词，moving表示 “(物或事)令人感动的”，moved表示 “(人)感动的”。

(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not to let me.

解析：去掉not后的to　情态动词would表示意愿，后接动词原形。

第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

Different countries have different tipping customs. When you travel you need to know how to tip in the country that you’re in; otherwise you’ll leave servers angry everywhere you go.Here are just a few guidelines to tipping around the world.

Brazil

There will always be a standard 10% service charge added to your bill, and you won’t necessarily have to tip. If you do feel like being generous, an extra 5-10% will really make your server very happy. Just remember to do this as skillfully as possible—Brazilians don’t make a big show of this.

Dubai

In Dubai it’s a rule for restaurants to charge 10% tip on all restaurant and bar bills. You can add a couple of dirhams（迪拉姆,货币单位）to this if you feel like it. Waiters are not paid very much in Dubai, so it is always very appreciated.

Germany

German bars and restaurants will include the tip as part of what you owe, but that’s not all you have to pay. It is a custom to round the bill up after that, usually to the euro. This can be anywhere from 5-10%. When it’s time to settle up, you won’t get a bill: your waiter tells you the total and then you tell them how much you want to pay, including your “tip”, and hand over the money.

Czech Republic

While locals in the Czech Republic don’t leave tips, that doesn’t mean you’re off the hook.Foreign tourists are definitely expected to leave some kind of tip for service—as long as you’re in a high tourist traffic area, like Prague for instance. The standard tip is 10%.

India

If you like the service, go ahead and tip your server 5-10%. You have to adjust that amount though, based on how big the meal you’re eating is. If the bill is for a small meal, and totals less than 300 rupees, tip the full 10%. If the bill is higher, tip towards the 5%.

1. In which country do customers have to tip at least 10% for the service?

A. Dubai B. India

C. Germany D. Czech Republic

2. Which country has different tip cultures between citizens and foreigners?

A. Dubai B. Germany

C. India D. Czech Republic

3. If your bill is 2000 rupees in India, it is proper for you to tip________ rupees.

A. 10 B. 80 C. 120 D. 200

B

My nephew came for a visit one hot, July weekend. I persuaded him to stay inside by joining him in a Nintendo game. After being mercilessly defeated by a more experienced player, I suggested that we relax for a while. He slipped out of the room and I caught a few moments of peace and quiet.

“Look, Alice,” he said enthusiastically as he ran over to the chair where I was recovering. “I found a kite. Could we go outside and fly it?”

Glancing out of a nearby window, I noticed there was not a breeze (微风). “I'm sorry, Tripper,” I said, sad to see his disappointed eyes, but thankful for the short period of rest from more activities. “The wind is not blowing today. The kite won’t fly.”

The determined 10-year-old replied. “I think it’s windy enough. I can get it to fly,” he answered, as he hurried out through the back door. I peeked through the curtains to watch determination in action. Up and down the yard he ran, pulling the kite attached to a small length of string. The plastic kite, proudly displaying a picture of Batman, remained about shoulder level.

He ran back and forth, as hard as his ten-year-old legs would carry him, looking back hopefully at the kite trailing behind. After about ten minutes of unsuccessful determination, he came back in.

I asked “How did it go?” “Fine,” he said, “I got it to fly some.” As he walked past me to return the kite to the closet shelf, I heard him say under his breath, “I guess I'll have to wait for the wind.”

At that moment I heard another voice speak to my heart. “Alice, sometimes you are just like that. You want to do it your way instead of waiting for the wind.” And the voice was right. We usually want to use our own efforts to accomplish what we want to do. We wait for the wind only after we have done all we can and have exhausted our own strength. We must learn how to rely on Him in the first place!

4. The writer didn’t fly the kite with his nephew because she _____________.

A. was not so experienced in flying kites

B. wanted to get relaxed

C. preferred to stay in peace and quiet

D. thought the weather was not suitable

5. Which word can best describe Tripper?

A. naughty B. insistent

C. sensitive D. clever

6. What can we infer from Paragraph 5?

A. Tripper became hopeless.

B. Tripper was easy to give up.

C. Tripper didn’t want to admit defeat.

D. Tripper was disappointed with the kite flying.

7. What is the best title for the passage?

A. Try Your Best B. Wait for the Wind

C. Fly a Kite in Life D. Determine to Succeed

C

Chinese Culture Shown to the World with Love

Li Ziqi, a short video blogger specializing in traditional Chinese cooking and handicrafts, has gained worldwide popularity.

Li has about 20 million followers on Sina Weibo, China’s equivalent to Twitter, plus 7 million followers on overseas social media networks. Many foreigners say they have got to know traditional Chinese food culture via her channel.

It is the spirit of craftsmanship (技艺) behind her works that makes Li’s video clips attractive. She strictly follows the authentic traditional steps and procedures in making traditional Chinese food and handicrafts, such as peach flower wine and silk, and goes to great lengths to ensure her videos are accurate. Sometimes she spends several months producing one of her videos.

Li has been inheriting (继承) traditional Chinese culture in a rather creative way. A closer look at her videos will show that they are never with any “analysis” that makes people feel bored. They just show audiences each and every detail of traditional Chinese culture so that the latter knows how Chinese live their beautiful and elegant lives. It is that universal appeal that makes her works so attractive. Thanks to Li's efforts, many intangible cultural heritages that only existed in memories and written records now appear before our eyes. Via her short videos, Li presents the image of a beautiful and friendly China.

With the growth of the Chinese economy, people overseas are showing more interest in traditional Chinese culture. Li has shown how to satisfy that interest in a good way, namely showing the best parts of traditional Chinese culture with her heart.

To effectively present the beauty of Chinese culture to the world, we need more Li Ziqi.

8. What can we learn about Li Ziqi’s video clips?

A. They promote the sales of Chinese food and handicrafts.

B. They attract a large number of foreigners to visit her online shop.

C. They aim to introduce traditional Chinese food culture and handicrafts worldwide.

D. They are based on her family’s recipes of making traditional Chinese food.

9. What could be inferred from Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4?

A. Analysis of Chinese culture in Li’s videos makes people bored.

B. Details and accuracy play significant roles in the success of Li’s videos.

C. Li makes sure all of her video clips are short enough to be downloaded.

D. Cultural heritages usually exist in memories and written accounts.

10. What does the underlined word “intangible” in Paragraph 4 mean?

A. nonphysical B. inaccessible

C. invaluable D. unnoticeable

11. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?

A. To provide guidance on cooking and making handicrafts.

B. To suggest a way of attracting more followers on Sina Weibo.

C. To give an example of how to gain worldwide popularity as a a short video blogger.

D. To encourage more people to make efforts to bring Chinese culture to the world.

D

When students got their textbooks at the beginning of the year at San Mateo High School, they also received the Yondr pouch Youdr (口袋), a locking device for their phones. The phone slides into it and gets locked through a magnetic (磁力的) device. It’s not unlocked again until the final bell rings. The procedure will repeat every day for the rest of the school year.

Adam Gelb the vice-president, ran a pilot project last year with 20 students and decided to do a school-wide, bell to bell program for this school year. The Yondr pouch is a start-up in San Francisco with a mission to create phone-free spaces, something that is the very thought with Gelb.

“I really think it’s about being present and engaging in the adult that’s trying to teach you, and your peers that might be in your small group. That’s part of the main philosophy that we're trying to spread,” he said.

Brad Friedman, another teacher at the school, said he was becoming concerned with overuse of phones at school. He said he often saw students completely lost on their phones, some not socializing at all with other students.

This week, he’s already seeing the difference. “Everyone else was socializing and eating lunch together. That’s what I wasn’t seeing enough of when phone usage is at its worst,” he said.

A senior at San Mateo High School Djelani Phillips-Diop said he definitely panicked at first when he heard he had to lock his phone. “I panicked I guess. Last year when we had phones, I was using it every day,” he said.

In case of emergency, every classroom has the unlocking device. Teachers still have access to their own cellphones and desk phones. “We’ve gotten all 1,700 students unlocked with a matter of minutes,” said Gelb.

We spoke to four students who, despite their initial panic, agreed that a phone-free school experience has its benefits.

12. What can we learn about the Yondr pouch from paragraph 1?

A. It is a device to lock phones. B. It is a bell to unlock phones.

C. It is a device to be used for a year. D. It is a phone intended for students.

13. The Youdr pouch is used more in Gelb’s school to ______________________.

A. create space to use phones freely

B. help the students to be more outgoing

C. encourage more mutual communication among students

D. help the students to realize the harm of overuse of phones

14. What is Friedman’s attitude to the use of the Yondr pouch ?

A Concerned. B. Favorable.

C. Disapproving. D. Doubtful.

15. What can be learned from the passage?

A. The students were willing to have their phones locked at first.

B. The phone will get unlocked automatically when there is an emergency

C. Students prefer eating lunch together with their phones in hand.

D. Some students came to realize the benefits of the phone-free program.

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Competition is a common phenomenon in our social life. ___16___ There is constant competition for academic degrees, jobs, customers, money and so forth. In a sense, competition is one of the motive forces to the development of society.

___17___ Therefore, the only way to survive is to be competitive. Growing in a competitive environment is important for a child because future adult life is difficult. Finding a good job, for example, is an extremely competitive activity.

Today, most people obtain knowledge through various ways and a large number of people get good education. ___18___The quality of people is rapidly increasing. Competition is more violent than what we thought it should be. The potentially successful job applicant has to be prepared in stronger position by gaining more qualifications and experience. In the sports contests, the strongest will come out as winners. In the business world, to beat your competitors, you must be better than the other employees. ___19___

Though the only way our world rewards people is to give honor to the winners, not to the losers, by attempting to compete at different activities, we can still learn to win and lose, gain experience and know our strengths and weaknesses. Competition prepares us for the tough things in life.

Whether in games, in study or in business alike, the aim is to win the game, the degree, the trophy, and the contract. ___20___

A. Otherwise, you will be defeated.

B. Modern society demands high-quality talents.

C. Learning to be competitive is clearly the best preparation for life.

D. There are also many people who have higher degrees in their special fields.

E. Children have to learn to be competitive in order to adapt to modern society.

F. In the natural world, the weak will be replaced by the strong and the fittest can live.

G. We compete when we play games and when we try to do better than others in our study.

第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A,B,C,D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Very few of us become fluent in another language by studying it in high school.

I made a (an) ___21___ to maintain (保持) the little bit of French that I learned in school, but eventually realized that this was ___22___ . I was well aware that new languages are___23___ learned when young, and that our abilities ___24___ with age. However, just before my 50th birthday, I ___25___ French classes.

After I was ___26___ to see which group I belonged to, I was placed at almost the ___27___ level. When I looked around at my first Saturday morning class, I was ___28___ by how many of the students were learning French as a third, fourth, or ___29___ fifth language.

While I’d always considered myself as a quick ___30___ , that was no longer the case. I ___31___ new vocabulary very slowly. What I learned one week seemed to ___32___ as soon as I learned the next skill. I looked up the same ___33___ and language structures over and over again.

Now, a couple of ___34___ in, I can listen to the news in French and catch 90 percent of it on the first try, read a novel if the language is not too difficult, and hold up my end of a ___35___ if it doesn’t go too fast. Who knows what I might still ___36___ ? I’ve learned so much beyond grammar and vocabulary. I’ve met people from around the world who have the ___37___to make fools of themselves to learn something new. I have a ___38___ understanding of how something can look ___39___ different from another perspective. I’ve learned that a language is not just a set of words, but a way of ___40___ .

But most of all, I’ve learned that it really is never too late to learn something new.

21. A. effort B. offer C. mistake D. appointment

22. A. disgusting B. pointless C. cheerful D. simple

23. A. worst B. hardest C. least D. best

24. A. stay B. improve C. decline D. disappear

25. A. dropped in at B. took part in C. paid attention to D. signed up for

26. A. tested B. expected C. requested D. forced

27. A. advanced B. middle C. special D. introductory

28. A. bothered B. struck C. moved D. scared

29. A. ever B. even C. also D. still

30. A. listener B. trainer C. learner D. interviewer

31. A. absorbed B. prepared C. employed D. noticed

32. A. come back B. turn up C. break off D. slip away

33. A. passages B. words C. meanings D. tips

34. A. months B. weeks C. years D. days

35. A. conversation B. quarrel C. speech D. presentation

36. A. arrange B. show C. accomplish D. trust

37. A. courage B. time C. money D. chance

38. A. mutual B. renewed C. poor D. familiar

39. A. hardly B. occasionally C. suddenly D. completely

40. A. listening B. relaxing C. thinking D. doubting

第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

If you always hate certain vegetables, you may be more than a picky eater. Instead, you might be a “super-taster”, a person ___41___bitter genes (苦味基因). Those people who have the “bitter genes” are 2.6 times more likely to eat ___42___ (few) vegetables than others, according to a new study ___43___ (present) at the annual meeting of the American Heart Association.

“We don’t get the taste of food equally,” said professor Duffy, an expert in the study of food taste. “It could explain some of the differences in our food ___44___ (prefer).”

About half of us can taste bitter and sweet, so we are not especially sensitive to bitter food. Another 25% are called “non-tasters”, to ___45___ bitter food might actually be a bit sweeter. The rest of us are ___46___ (extreme) sensitive to the bitterness that some ___47___(plant) develop to keep animals from eating them.

Food scientists are trying to develop ways ___48___ (reduce) the bitterness in veggies, in the hope that we can keep super-tasters from rejecting vegetables. In fact, some vegetables we grow today ___49___ (be) much sweeter than before.

We might also try to use various cooking methods, either by adding some fat, sweetness, strong flavors like garlic ___50___roasting them, to improve the taste of the vegetables.

第四部分写作（共两节，满分35）

第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号( ∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。

I used to pay little attention to the important of breakfast. I often studied late into the night and choose to skip breakfast. By this way I could have a few extra minutes in bed. Felt hungry in class, I found it difficult to concentrate on my lessons. What’s worse, I was even failed in one of the most important exam. Now, I have realized that breakfast, that can provide 30 percent of the whole day’s energy, plays essential role. Therefore, it is necessary for we students to start our day with a regularly breakfast.